ReviewNPJ breast cancer2020
Report on computational assessment of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group.
Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in NPJ breast cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
101citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
8.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- The translational chasm in machine learning for triple-negative breast cancer: a quantitative landscape assessment.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Automated scoring methods for quantitative interpretation of Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer: a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Guideline
- Tumor immune dynamics and long-term clinical outcome of stage IIIA NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of KN046 in Combination with KN026 in Patients with Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Phase II Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Impact of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative early breast cancer in the WSG-ADAPT TN trial.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Trial
- Multicenter phase II trial of Camrelizumab combined with Apatinib and Eribulin in heavily pretreated patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Immune cell composition and functional marker dynamics from multiplexed immunohistochemistry to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the WSG-ADAPT-TN trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- From cell counts to cellular interactions: Cu-Cyto and the co-localization index as a spatial framework for the tumor immune microenvironment of rectal cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence-based tumour infiltrating lymphocyte quantification in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: an independent validation study.The Lancet. Oncology · 2026Article
- Explainable AI-Derived Spatial Pathological Features of Tumor, Necrosis, and Lymphocytes Identify Key Histological Signatures for Residual Cancer Burden Assessment in Breast Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte scoring using automated region of interest registration in breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- AI-assisted image analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic marker in chemotherapy-naïve luminal breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Development and validation of artificial intelligence-based model for bladder cancer immunophenotyping using whole slide images.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Analysis of computational tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer from the results of the TIGER challenge.Nature communications · 2026Article
- QuTILs: Open-Source Image-Based Infiltrating Immune Cell Detection for Research Application.Research square · 2026Article
- Review
- Estimating tumour immune infiltration: methodological convergence across histology and spatial technologies.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Review
- LAG3-centered multiplex immune profiling as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving Anti-PD-1 antibodies plus lenvatinib therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Spatial architecture of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes adds predictive value beyond stromal TIL density for neoadjuvant response in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
69 authors at 20 institutions in 32 countries.
Mohamed Amgad1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7599-6162
Elisabeth Specht Stovgaard2Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
Eva Balslev2Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
Jeppe Thagaard3DTU Compute, Department of Applied Mathematics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Weijie ChenFDA/CDRH/OSEL/Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Silver Spring, MD USA.
Sarah DudgeonFDA/CDRH/OSEL/Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Silver Spring, MD USA.
Ashish Sharma1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1011-6504
Jennifer K Kerner6PathAI, Cambridge, MA USA.
Carsten Denkert7Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Yinyin Yuan10Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
Khalid AbdulJabbar10Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
Stephan Wienert7Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Peter Savas12Division of Research and Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5999-428X
Leonie Voorwerk14Department of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Andrew H Beck6PathAI, Cambridge, MA USA.
Anant Madabhushi15Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH USA.
Johan Hartman17Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
Manu M Sebastian18Departments of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA.
Hugo M Horlings19Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jan Hudeček20Department of Research IT, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1071-5686
Francesco Ciompi21Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
David A Moore22Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK.
Rajendra Singh23Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
Elvire Roblin24Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.
Marcelo Luiz Balancin25Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Marie-Christine Mathieu26Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
Jochen K Lennerz27Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA.
Pawan KirtaniDepartment of Histopathology, Manipal Hospitals Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
I-Chun Chen29Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jeremy P Braybrooke30Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1943-7360
Giancarlo Pruneri32Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori and University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
Sandra Demaria33Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4426-0499
Sylvia Adams34Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY USA.
Stuart J Schnitt35Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA.
Sunil R Lakhani36The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research and Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Federico Rojo37Pathology Department, CIBERONC-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
Laura Comerma37Pathology Department, CIBERONC-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0249-4636
Sunil S Badve39Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8861-9980
Mehrnoush KhojastehRoche Tissue Diagnostics, Digital Pathology, Santa Clara, CA USA.
W Fraser Symmans41Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1526-184X
Christos Sotiriou42Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Paula Gonzalez-Ericsson44Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6292-6963
Katherine L Pogue-GeileNRG Oncology/NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
Rim S KimNRG Oncology/NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
David L Rimm46Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5820-4397
Giuseppe Viale47Department of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS & State University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Stephen M Hewitt48Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA.
John M S Bartlett49Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada.
Frédérique Penault-Llorca51Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Shom Goel53Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
Huang-Chun Lien54Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Sibylle Loibl55German Breast Group, c/o GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany.
Zuzana KosDepartment of Pathology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.
Sherene Loi13Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6137-9171
Matthew G Hanna58Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7536-1746
Stefan Michiels59Gustave Roussy, Universite Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
Marleen Kok61Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Torsten O Nielsen63University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.
Alexander J Lazar41Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6395-4499
Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath67Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-8555-7806
Loes F S Kooreman68GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Jeroen A W M van der Laak21Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7982-0754
Joel Saltz71Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA.
Brandon D GallasFDA/CDRH/OSEL/Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Silver Spring, MD USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7332-1620
Uday KurkureRoche Tissue Diagnostics, Digital Pathology, Santa Clara, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8273-7334
Michael BarnesRoche Diagnostics Information Solutions, Belmont, CA USA.
Roberto Salgado12Division of Research and Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Lee A D Cooper74Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3504-4965
International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group
Université Libre de Bruxelles · BERoche (Belgium) · BEThe Netherlands Cancer Institute · NLMerck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) · USPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre · AUInstitute of Cancer Research · GBUniversité Paris-Sud · FRUniversity of Milan · ITBrigham and Women's Hospital · USMayo Clinic · USSunnybrook Health Science Centre · CAThe University of Melbourne · AUChampalimaud Foundation · PTGuy's Hospital · GBInstitut Gustave Roussy · FRMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · USUniversidad de La Frontera · CLBC Cancer Agency · CABristol-Myers Squibb (United States) · USCancer Research UK · GB
Funding
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Nicholas D Socci · 1985 to 2026
$347.4MVanderbilt Clinical Oncology Research Career Development ProgramK12CA090625 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Debra L. Friedman, Paula Jill Hurley · 2001 to 2026
$16.9MCancer Research UK 25223Cancer Research UK 28990Medical Research Council MC_UP_1203/1NCI NIH HHS K12 CA090625NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748
Abstract
Assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is increasingly recognized as an integral part of the prognostic workflow in triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancer, as well as many other solid tumors. This recognition has come about thanks to standardized visual reporting guidelines, which helped to reduce inter-reader variability. Now, there are ripe opportunities to employ computational methods that extract spatio-morphologic predictive features, enabling computer-aided diagnostics. We detail the benefits of computational TILs assessment, the readiness of TILs scoring for computational assessment, and outline considerations for overcoming key barriers to clinical translation in this arena. Specifically, we discuss: 1. ensuring computational workflows closely capture visual guidelines and standards; 2. challenges and thoughts standards for assessment of algorithms including training, preanalytical, analytical, and clinical validation; 3. perspectives on how to realize the potential of machine learning models and to overcome the perceptual and practical limits of visual scoring.
Indexed as
Breast cancerCancer imagingPrognostic markersTumour biomarkersTumour immunology
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.