Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32411647›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in public health2020

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Resource Constrained Environments: Understanding and Addressing the Need of the Systems.

Ashish Kumar Kakkar, Nusrat Shafiq, Gurpreet Singh, Pallab Ray, Vikas Gautam, Ritesh Agarwal, Jayashree Muralidharan, Pankaj Arora

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Methicillin-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Stewardship in your pocket: launching Colorado's free antimicrobial mobile application.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ashish Kumar KakkarDepartment of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Nusrat ShafiqDepartment of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Gurpreet SinghDepartment of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Pallab RayDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Vikas GautamDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Ritesh AgarwalDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Jayashree MuralidharanAdvanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Pankaj AroraDepartment of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

World Health Organization (WHO) has identified antimicrobial resistance as one of the top 10 threats to public health. The agency has formulated a global action plan to tackle antimicrobial resistance by reducing incidence of infectious diseases, increasing knowledge and awareness and promoting rational use of antimicrobials amongst other measures. While the core elements of successful antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are much publicized, there application in resource limited settings is fraught with several challenges. The key limiting factors include lack of clear political commitment, inadequate funding, overcrowded healthcare systems, lax legal and regulatory frameworks, non-uniform access to diagnostics, absence of electronic health record systems, limited knowledge and awareness especially with existence of multiple systems of medicines, issues with access to quality assured medicines, in-house pharmacies, and shortage of trained manpower. Since these implementation-impeding issues may differ considerably from those experienced in developed economies, intervention efforts in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) need to address the context and focus on the root causes prevailing locally. In this article, we review the evidence highlighting the magnitude of these challenges and suggest feasible models with effective application. We also share the evidence from our center where we have contextualized the core elements to resource constrained settings. These domains include delivering prospective audit and feedback, prescriber education, development of evidence-based and implementable guidelines, and optimization of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. However, there is a tremendous need for scaling up, extending outreach and honing these models while at the same time, addressing the existing strategic challenges that curtail the full potential of global antimicrobial stewardship.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsAntimicrobial StewardshipAnti-Bacterial AgentsDelivery of Health CarePovertyAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective Agentsantimicrobial resistance (AMR)antimicrobial stewardship (AMS)antimicrobial therapyguidelines & recommendationsLMIC = low- and middle-income countriesprospective audit and feedback

Identifiers

PMID32411647
PMCPMC7198767

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.