Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32411038›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2020

Associations Between Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms Among College Students in 12 Countries: Results of a Cross-National Study.

Insa Backhaus, Andrea Ramirez Varela, Selina Khoo, Katja Siefken, Alyson Crozier, Edvaldo Begotaraj, Florian Fischer, Jascha Wiehn, Beth A Lanning, Po-Hsiu Lin and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. What Youth Write About and Seek in an Anonymized Online Peer Support Forum: Insights from India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
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  10. Effects of Social Capital on Depression in University Students.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025
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  16. Observational
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  18. Observational
  19. Association between Mental Health Knowledge Level and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese College Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 13 institutions in 10 countries.

Insa BackhausDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Andrea Ramirez VarelaSchool of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Selina KhooCentre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Katja SiefkenAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Physical Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Alyson CrozierAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Physical Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Edvaldo BegotarajDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Florian FischerSchool of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Jascha WiehnSchool of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Beth A LanningDepartment of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.
Po-Hsiu LinGraduate Institute of Sports, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Soong-Nang JangRed Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
Luciana Zaranza MonteiroDepartamento de Enfermagem, Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal (UDF), Brasília, Brazil.
Ali Al-ShamliDepartment of Physical Education, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman.
Giuseppe La TorreDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Ichiro KawachiDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Sapienza University of Rome · ITBaylor University · USBielefeld University · DECentro Universitário do Distrito Federal · BRCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEChung-Ang University · KRHarvard University · USMSH Medical School Hamburg – University of Applied Sciences and Medical University · DENational Taiwan Normal University · TWSohar University · OMUniversidad de Los Andes · COUniversity of Malaya · MYUniversity of South Australia · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionA mental health crisis has hit university campuses across the world. This study sought to determine the prevalence and social determinants of depressive symptoms among university students in twelve countries. Particular focus was placed on the association between social capital and depressive symptoms.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among students at their first year at university in Europe, Asia, the Western Pacific, and Latin and North America. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, including questions on sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and social capital. The simplified Beck's Depression Inventory was used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Social capital was assessed using items drawn from the World Bank Integrated Questionnaire to Measure Social Capital. Multilevel analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between social capital and depressive symptoms, adjusting for individual covariates (e.g., perceived stress) and country-level characteristics (e.g., economic development).

resultsAmong 4228 students, 48% presented clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Lower levels of cognitive (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.44-2.29) and behavioral social capital (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.29-1.76) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The likelihood of having depressive symptoms was also significantly higher among those living in regions with lower levels of social capital.

conclusionThe study demonstrates that lower levels of individual and macro-level social capital contribute to clinically relevant depressive symptoms among university students. Increasing social capital may mitigate depressive symptoms in college students.

Indexed as

depressive symptomsmental healthmultilevel analysissocial capitalsocial determinants of healthuniversity students

Identifiers

PMID32411038
PMCPMC7201069
OpenAlexW3022892769

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.