ArticleMolecular autism2020
Prevalence and cumulative incidence of autism spectrum disorders and the patterns of co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders in a total population sample of 5-year-old children.
Article in Molecular autism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- The global epidemiology and health burden of the autism spectrum: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in mainland china over the past 6 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: A three-level meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Executive Function Among People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Classification of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical development using deep learning and a portable patch-type electroencephalography device.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Associations of picky eating levels with dietary diversity, nutrient intake, and eating behaviors in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) as an early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder in clinical settings in Japan: A non-randomized controlled trial.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in chronic pain: a study in Japanese pain centers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sensory Integration Therapy for Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Co-Occurring Intellectual Disability: An Exploratory Single-Group Pre-Post Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Incidence of autism spectrum disorder in children in Kazakhstan and risk factors associated with all-cause hospitalizations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Correlation between sleep problems and morning serum melatonin and ferritin levels in Japanese 5-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Sex-specific associations between maternal prenatal and postnatal psychological distress and autism spectrum disorder in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association of maternal endometriosis with autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Article
- Autism and ADHD traits, effortful control and mental health during the transition from elementary to junior high schools.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Functional connectivity patterns differ as a function of co-occurring attentional problems in preschoolers with autism.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Identification of critical brain regions for autism diagnosis from fMRI data using explainable AI: an observational analysis of the ABIDE dataset.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
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- Article
- Maternal Fasting Plasma Glucose Level in Early Gestation and Developmental Delay in 2-year-old Children.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundsWhether there is a true increase in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequency or not remains unclear. Additionally, the rates of co-existing neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in a total population sample has not been fully examined before. Therefore, using a total population sample in Japan, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and cumulative incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) annually, to determine whether there is a true increase in ASD prevalence by estimating the cumulative incidence of ASD annually, and to examine the rates of co-existing neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD).
methodIn this cross-sectional sequential design study, all 5-year-old children in the catchment area underwent the screening annually from the year 2013-2016. Screen-positive children were invited to participate in a comprehensive assessment, including child and parent interview, behavioral observation, and cognitive and motor function testing. All cases were reviewed by a multidisciplinary research team.
resultsCaregivers of 3954 children returned the screening, among which 559 children underwent the assessment with 87 children receiving an ASD diagnosis. Adjusted ASD prevalence was 3.22% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.66-3.76%). The male to female ratio of the crude prevalence was 2.2:1. The cumulative incidence of ASD up to 5 years of age for the total study years was 1.31% (95% CI 1.00-1.62%). A generalized linear model revealed no significant linear trends in 5-year cumulative incidence over the study years. Only 11.5% of children had ASD alone; the remaining 88.5% were found to have at least one co-existing NDD. LIMITATIONS: Modest sample size for a total population study.
conclusionsOur findings demonstrate the stability of the 5-year cumulative incidence of ASD, implying no true rise in ASD incident cases over the 4-year study period in the study catchment area. High rates of co-existing NDDs reflect the importance of investigating broad developmental challenges in children with ASD.
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