ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in South American camelids in Switzerland and assessment of serological tests for diagnosis.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in Camelids: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Acta parasitologica · 2026Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in Camelids of the New and Old World: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Pooled it
- High frequency of DNA detection ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2025Article
- Review of Toxoplasmosis: What We Still Need to Do.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the epidemiological role of the Eurasian lynx (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2023Article
- An Antibody-Based Survey ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infections in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in central desert of Iran.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Prevalence and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in different types of poultry in Greece, associated risk factors and co-existence with Eimeria spp.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Article
- Sero-prevalence and risk factors ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2022Article
- Switzerland-wideFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Causes of Abortions in South American Camelids in Switzerland-Cases and Questionnaire.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Towards an Integrated Approach for Monitoring Toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Descriptive Comparison of ELISAs for the Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and llamas (Lama glama) outside South America. The study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in South American camelids (SAC) in Switzerland, to optimize serological tests for SAC and to identify risk factors, which may favour infection.
methodsA total of 571 sera from 132 Swiss farms (374 alpacas and 197 llamas, mean 4.3 animals/farm) were obtained. Four commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for detecting antibodies against T. gondii (ID Screen
resultsThree kits (TOXO-MS, NCS-MS and NCC) showed almost perfect agreement (kappa > 0.901) with immunoblot results when the cut-offs were optimized, and one kit (NCS) proved not to be useful for detecting N. caninum seropositive SAC. By TOXO-MS ELISA, 82.3% (308/374) of the alpacas and 84.8% (167/197) of the llamas were seropositive for T. gondii, and 131/132 (99.2%) farms had seropositive animals. By NCS-MS ELISA, 3.5% (13/374) of the alpacas and 2.5% (5/197) of the llamas evidenced antibodies against N. caninum, and 9.1% (12/132) of the farms had seropositive animals. The variables "age" and "female sex" were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection and "absence of cats in the farm during the last two years" as a protective factor. No risk or protective factors for N. caninum infection could be identified.
conclusionsThis nationwide cross-sectional study demonstrated for the first time the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum in the Swiss SAC population, highlighting a high seroprevalence for T. gondii, the presence of cats as a risk factor and suggesting that SAC meat might represent an additional infection source for humans.
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