ArticleCirculation2020
Incidence, Microbiology, and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Infective Endocarditis.
Article in Circulation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 92 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Infective Endocarditis byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
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- Mitral annulus calcification and the risk of infective endocarditis: insights from DANCAVAS screening trials.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Infective Endocarditis in Ireland: A Nationwide Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Ampicillin/ceftriaxone vs. β-lactam/aminoglycoside combination therapy for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Combination antibiotic therapy in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: evidence, controversies, and future directions.Infection · 2026Review
- Choice of antimicrobial therapy for infective endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci: an international practice survey.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Changing Patterns in Infective Endocarditis: A Contemporary Epidemiological Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Validation of the VIRSTA and VIRSTA+ Scores to Identify Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia at Very Low Risk of Infective Endocarditis.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Endocarditis caused by Aerococcus urinae: a case report and review of literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Review
- The role of clinical frailty in predicting mortality following surgery for infective endocarditis.Turk gogus kalp damar cerrahisi dergisi · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in long-term mortality after infective endocarditis in Denmark: a nationwide cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- High burden of viridans streptococcal endocarditis linked to multidrug resistance and regional risk factors: a molecular epidemiological report from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Indicators of In-Hospital Mortality in Infective Endocarditis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Management of infective endocarditis in a secondary care trust: a service evaluation of treatment outcomes and multidisciplinary involvement.Access microbiology · 2026Article
- Multimodality Imaging in Infective Endocarditis: A Clinical Approach to Diagnosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- TNF-α inhibitor therapy and prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis: a case report.Future cardiology · 2025Article
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32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite improvements in management, infective endocarditis remains associated with high mortality and morbidity. We describe temporal changes in the incidence, microbiology, and outcomes of infective endocarditis and the effect of changes in national antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines on incident infective endocarditis.
methodsUsing a Scotland-wide, individual-level linkage approach, all patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis from 1990 to 2014 were identified and linked to national microbiology, prescribing, and morbidity and mortality datasets. Linked data were used to evaluate trends in the crude and age- and sex-adjusted incidence and outcomes of infective endocarditis hospitalizations. From 2008, microbiology data and associated outcomes adjusted for patient demographics and comorbidity were also analyzed. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to evaluate incidence before and after changes to national antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines.
resultsThere were 7638 hospitalizations (65±17 years, 51% females) with infective endocarditis. The estimated crude hospitalization rate increased from 5.3/100 000 (95% CI, 4.8-5.9) to 8.6/100 000 (95% CI, 8.1-9.1) between 1990 and 1995 but remained stable thereafter. There was no change in crude incidence following the 2008 change in antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines (relative risk of change 1.06 [95% CI, 0.94-1.20]). The incidence rate in patients >80 years of age doubled from 1990 to 2014 (17.7/100 000 [95% CI, 13.4-23.3] to 37.9/100 000 [95% CI, 31.5-45.5]). The predicted 1-year age- and comorbidity-adjusted case fatality rate for a 65-year-old patient decreased in women (27.3% [95% CI, 24.6-30.2] to 23.7% [95% CI, 21.1-26.6]) and men (30.7% [95% CI, 27.7-33.8] to 26.8% [95% CI, 24.0-29.7]) from 1990 to 2014. Blood culture data were available from 2008 (n=2267/7638, 30%), with positive blood cultures recorded in 42% (950/2267). Staphylococcus (403/950, 42.4%) and streptococcus (337/950, 35.5%) species were most common.
conclusionsDespite changes in antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines, the crude incidence of infective endocarditis has remained stable. However, the incidence rate has doubled in the elderly. Positive blood cultures were observed in less than half of patients, with
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