ArticlePediatric diabetes2020
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents at an urban tertiary eye care center.
Article in Pediatric diabetes, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05463289 (Implementing Digital Retinal Exams Into Comprehensive Pediatric Diabetes Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Implementing Digital Retinal Exams Into Comprehensive Pediatric Diabetes Care
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- The Natural History of Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in the Pediatric Population.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Early Retinal Changes Detected Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study.Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Ocular findings in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus in ghana: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of AI for pediatric diabetic eye exams from a health system perspective.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Improving Diabetes-Related Retinopathy Screening and Documentation in Youth With Diabetes.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors and modern therapeutic strategies in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes to prevent future diabetic angiopathy in the era of innovative miRNAs biomarkers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic Biomarkers of Microvascular Complications in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-An Updated Review.Pediatric reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Rates, Risk Factors, and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A 15-Year Retrospective Study from a Regional Center in New Zealand.Pediatric diabetes · 2024Article
- Comparison of Clinical Profiles, Demographics, and Surgical Outcomes of 25-Gauge Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Young Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Article
- Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross-sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2022Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Ocular Changes in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Health Facilities in Ghana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Pediatric Diabetic Retinopathy: Updates in Prevalence, Risk Factors, Screening, and Management.Current diabetes reports · 2021Review
- Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy Among Young Patients With Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication that can progress to sight-threatening disease. The prevalence of DR in youth with diabetes has been reported to be 3.8% to 20%.
objectiveWe aimed to evaluate the prevalence of DR among youth with diabetes at a large ophthalmologic referral center. Secondary goals were to determine the risk factors for DR and severity of disease.
methodsRetrospective chart review of 343 patients with diabetes, <21 years of age, seen at a tertiary referral eye care center from 2013 to 2018.
resultsThe study included 343 patients, of which 293 had type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 50 had type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thirteen of 343 patients had DR, with an overall incidence of 3.8% (3.4% in T1D and 6% T2D). DR severity included nine with mild non-proliferative, three moderate non-proliferative, and one with proliferative DR. Patients with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 8% had a higher risk of DR (P = .049). In this cohort, none of the patients with an HbA1c <8% had DR. In the multivariate analysis, a higher systolic blood pressure was marginally associated with risk for DR (P = .07).
conclusionsWe found lower prevalence of DR in youth with diabetes than previously reported. The incidence of DR was higher among patients with T2D and occurred with a shorter duration of disease, as compared with T1D. While the incidence of DR in youth with T1D is low, with the increasing incidence of T2D in adolescents and early risk for DR, early screening must be emphasized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.