ReviewDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2020
Evolution of Insulin Delivery Devices: From Syringes, Pens, and Pumps to DIY Artificial Pancreas.
Review in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medical Devices for Personalized Health Care Solutions: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Global, regional, and national cascades of diabetes care, 2000-23: a systematic review and modelling analysis using findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Ultra-rapid lispro or fast-acting aspart compared to standard insulin lispro and aspart using closed-loop insulin therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Insulin pens and the digital ecosystem.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- The Development of a Syringe-Based Insulin Applicator Using a Biodesign-Based Methodology.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Experiences of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Digital Health Technology for Diabetes Self-Care: Qualitative Study.JMIR diabetes · 2026Article
- Transformations in Diabetes Care: Lessons From Commons-Based, Peer-Produced Citizen Science.Sociology of health & illness · 2026Article
- A Mini-Patch Magnetic Insulin Pump for Enhanced Delivery Resolution and Accuracy.Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- PID-controller enhanced artificial β-cells.PloS one · 2026Article
- Comparison of AID users and non-users regarding glycemic control and diabetes distress: A mixed-methods study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Continuous Insulin Infusion System and self-care in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: scope review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2026Review
- A closed-loop microneedle-integrated physiological model for predictive glycemic management.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Insulin Administration and Technological Advances in Diabetes Mellitus: Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Trends in baseline HbA1c and body-mass index in randomised trials of people with type 1 diabetes from 1993 to 2025: an IMI2 SOPHIA systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Registration and Real-Life Studies on Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- Optimizing proinsulin production in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using taguchi method and efficient one-step insulin purification by on-column enzymatic cleavage.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Insulin Analogs and the Mode of Insulin Delivery: Recent Advances and Challenges.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Construction and assessment of the quality of a care protocol for insulin use in hospitalized children and adolescents.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2025Article
- Connected Insulin Pens and Pen Caps: Expanding Diabetes Technology Access and Adoption.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Automating Insulin Dosing and Delivery: The Latest in Algorithms, Calculators, and Devices.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The year 2021 will mark 100 years since the discovery of insulin. Insulin, the first medication to be discovered for diabetes, is still the safest and most potent glucose-lowering therapy. The major challenge of insulin despite its efficacy has been the occurrence of hypoglycemia, which has resulted in sub-optimal dosages being prescribed in the vast majority of patients. Popular devices used for insulin administration are syringes, pens, and pumps. An artificial pancreas (AP) with a closed-loop delivery system with > 95% time in range is believed to soon become a reality. The development of closed-loop delivery systems has gained momentum with recent advances in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and computer algorithms. This review discusses the evolution of syringes, disposable, durable pens and connected pens, needles, tethered and patch insulin pumps, bionic pancreas, alternate controller-enabled infusion (ACE) pumps, and do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems (DIY-APS).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.