ArticleScientific reports2020
Complexity and ultrastructure of infectious extracellular vesicles from cells infected by non-enveloped virus.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inactivation of Wild Poliovirus with β-Propiolactone.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Insect-borne non-enveloped bluetongue virus utilizes discrete small vesicles for non-lytic release and cell-to-cell transmission.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Low-grade persistent poliovirus infection in long-term polio survivors diagnosed with post-polio syndrome: diagnostic and clinical implications.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Nonlytic Egress and Transmission in the Virus World.Annual review of biochemistry · 2025Review
- Unraveling the molecular basis of membrane-associated release of coxsackievirus B3.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Enterovirus D68 infection in cotton rats results in systemic inflammation with detectable viremia associated with extracellular vesicle and neurologic disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Insight into the Life Cycle of Enterovirus-A71.Viruses · 2025Review
- Article
- Current trends in theranostic applications of extracellular vesicles in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Non-lytic spread of poliovirus requires the nonstructural protein 3CD.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Oncoviral Infections and Small Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Review
- Transcriptomic Profiling of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Enables Reliable Annotation of the Cancer-Specific Transcriptome and Molecular Subtype.Cancer research · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Mode of Viral Propagation Exploited by Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Enterovirus-D68 - A Reemerging Non-Polio Enterovirus that Causes Severe Respiratory and Neurological Disease in Children.Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Cell entry and release of quasi-enveloped human hepatitis viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Mechanosensitive extrusion of Enterovirus A71-infected cells from colonic organoids.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- MMP-9 as Prognostic Marker for Brain Tumours: A Comparative Study on Serum-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles.Cancers · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Enteroviruses support cell-to-cell viral transmission prior to their canonical lytic spread of virus. Poliovirus (PV), a prototype for human pathogenic positive-sense RNA enteroviruses, and picornaviruses in general, transport multiple virions en bloc via infectious extracellular vesicles, 100~1000 nm in diameter, secreted from host cells. Using biochemical and biophysical methods we identify multiple components in secreted microvesicles, including mature PV virions; positive-sense genomic and negative-sense replicative, template viral RNA; essential viral replication proteins; and cellular proteins. Using cryo-electron tomography, we visualize the near-native three-dimensional architecture of secreted infectious microvesicles containing both virions and a unique morphological component that we describe as a mat-like structure. While the composition of these mat-like structures is not yet known, based on our biochemical data they are expected to be comprised of unencapsidated RNA and proteins. In addition to infectious microvesicles, CD9-positive exosomes released from PV-infected cells are also infectious and transport virions. Thus, our data show that, prior to cell lysis, non-enveloped viruses are secreted within infectious vesicles that also transport viral unencapsidated RNAs, viral and host proteins. Understanding the structure and function of these infectious particles helps elucidate the mechanism by which extracellular vesicles contribute to the spread of non-enveloped virus infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.