ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Imaging lutein and zeaxanthin in the human retina with confocal resonance Raman microscopy.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Macular Pigment Optical Density and Visual Functions: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systemic Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial -Report Number 1.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Topographically Resolved Macular Pigment Optical Density Is Associated with Disease Progression in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Xanthophyll Carotenoid Intake, Plasma Levels, and Retinal Visualization in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Zeaxanthin Mitigates Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Retinal Toxicity and Metabolic Reprogramming in ARPE-19 Cells.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- The Next Frontier in Vibrational Imaging: Chemically Designed Raman Probes Pass the Spectral Barrier.JACS Au · 2026Review
- Beneficial Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds on Eye Health: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Carotenoid Status and Psychological Impact of Presymptomatic Macular Degeneration Genetic Risk Assessment: The MAGENTA Randomized Trial.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Label-free in vivo molecular profiling of the human retina by non-resonant Raman spectroscopy.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Noninvasive 11.7-T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging Reveals Retinal Metabolic Alterations Induced by Blue Light Exposure.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Source, Extraction, Stability, Bioactivity, and Functional Food Applications.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Mechanism of Lutein tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A novel computational model for human macular pigment optical density and its relationship to foveal structure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Supportive Role of Plant-Based Substances in AMD Treatment and Their Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Relationship Between Macular Pigment Optical Volume and Visual Function in Glaucoma Patients.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Advanced Analysis Tools for Two Wavelength Autofluorescence Imaging of Macular Xanthophyll Carotenoids: ALSTAR2 Baseline.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Observational
- Recent advances in carotenoid absorption, distribution, and elimination.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2025Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids that are highly concentrated in the human macula, where they protect the eye from oxidative damage and improve visual performance. Distinguishing lutein from zeaxanthin in images of the human retina in vivo or in donor eye tissues has been challenging because no available technology has been able to reliably differentiate between these two carotenoids, which differ only in the position of one C = C bond. Here, we report the differential distributions of lutein and zeaxanthin in human donor retinas mapped with confocal resonance Raman microscopy. Zeaxanthin is highly concentrated in the fovea, extending from the inner to the outer limiting membranes, with especially high concentrations in the outer plexiform layer, while lutein is much more diffuse at relatively lower concentration. Our results imply that zeaxanthin may play a more important role than lutein in human macular health and disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.