ReviewBiomolecules2020
Galectins as Checkpoints of the Immune System in Cancers, Their Clinical Relevance, and Implication in Clinical Trials.
Review in Biomolecules, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetically informed prioritization of immune checkpoint-associated genes in head and neck cancer highlights HGF and AKT1.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- The role of galectins in modulating the tumor microenvironment and driving metastasis in skin cancers.Biological research · 2026Review
- Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell-Derived Galectins-1,3 Modulate Differentiation of CD4Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Galectins: Role and Therapeutics in Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Galectins at the crossroads of tumor immunity, metabolism, and metastasis: mechanisms, therapeutic resistance, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bioinformatics analysis of innovative multi-epitope vaccine utilizing MAGE-A, MAM-A, and Gal-3 for breast cancer management.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- "Galectin-9: A double-edged sword in Acute Myeloid Leukemia".Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies IRF1 and TFAP4 as transcriptional regulators of Galectin-9 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Science advances · 2025Article
- Glycoscience in Advancing PD-1/PD-L1-Axis-Targeted Tumor Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Vascular galectins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer immunity.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- Galectin-3's Complex Interactions in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: From Cellular Signaling to Therapeutic Potential.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The Blessed Union of Glycobiology and Immunology: A Marriage That Worked.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- T lymphocytes induce human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors to secrete galectin-9 which facilitates immunosuppression in cooperation with other immune checkpoint proteins.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Review
- Galectin-3 inhibition boosts the therapeutic efficacy of Semliki Forest virus in pediatric osteosarcoma.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- Galectokines: The Promiscuous Relationship between Galectins and Cytokines.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Galectins: Their Network and Roles in Infection/Immunity/Tumor Growth Control 2021.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Seminal Plasma Glycoproteins as Potential Ligands of Lectins Engaged in Immunity Regulation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Structure-based identification of galectin-1 selective modulators in dietary food polyphenols: a pharmacoinformatics approach.Molecular diversity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Galectins are small proteins with pleiotropic functions, which depend on both their lectin (glycan recognition) and non-lectin (recognition of other biomolecules besides glycans) interactions. Currently, 15 members of this family have been described in mammals, each with its structural and ligand recognition particularities. The galectin/ligand interaction translates into a plethora of biological functions that are particular for each cell/tissue type. In this sense, the cells of the immune system are highly sensitive to the action of these small and essential proteins. While galectins play central roles in tumor progression, they are also excellent negative regulators (checkpoints) of the immune cell functions, participating in the creation of a microenvironment that promotes tumor escape. This review aims to give an updated view on how galectins control the tumor's immune attack depending on the tumor microenvironment, because determining which galectins are essential and the role they play will help to develop future clinical trials and benefit patients with incurable cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.