SynthesisDiabetes & metabolic syndrome
Is diabetes mellitus associated with mortality and severity of COVID-19? A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 389 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nutritional Habits, Does it Affect Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Outcome? An Egyptian Experience
Impaired Insulin Regulation Determining Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 Infection Confounded by Ethnicity
Who cites it
389 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 787 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mortality Assessment in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Obesity as a Risk Factor for Complications and Mortality in Individuals with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Risk for newly diagnosed diabetes after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Does metformin affect outcomes in COVID-19 patients with new or pre-existing diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Prevalence and impact of diabetes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes · 2022Pooled it
- Survival rate and peri-implant evaluation of immediately loaded dental implants in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Pooled it
- Co-managing the double burden: strategies for simultaneously tackling infectious and non-communicable diseases.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Tracking Sarcopenia and Physical Activities Among Korean Adults Aged 50 Years and Older During COVID-19 Pandemic.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Article
- Long term cardiometabolic outcomes in COVID positive patients.Journal of public health research · 2026Review
- Effect of Baseline HbA1c and Inpatient Glycemic Control on Mortality and Organ Dysfunction among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes with the Use of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Diabetes mellitus is linked to higher mortality in alcohol-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.Hepatology international · 2026Observational
- Actinomycetes in the spotlight: biodiversity and their role in bioremediation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Contextual impact of socio-economic inequalities on health: a case study of COVID-19 mortality among populations with and without diabetes in France.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Increased Mortality with Comorbid Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Hemodialysis Patients with COVID-19.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and factors associated with in-hospital post-surgical mortality in COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Dexamethasone for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
329 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany studies on COVID-19 have reported diabetes to be associated with severe disease and mortality, however, the data is conflicting. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to explore the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 mortality and severity, and to determine the prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19.
methodsWe searched the PubMed for case-control studies in English, published between Jan 1 and Apr 22, 2020, that had data on diabetes in patients with COVID-19. The frequency of diabetes was compared between patients with and without the composite endpoint of mortality or severity. Random effects model was used with odds ratio as the effect size. We also determined the pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Heterogeneity and publication bias were taken care by meta-regression, sub-group analyses, and trim and fill methods.
resultsWe included 33 studies (16,003 patients) and found diabetes to be significantly associated with mortality of COVID-19 with a pooled odds ratio of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.37-2.64; p < 0.01). Diabetes was also associated with severe COVID-19 with a pooled odds ratio of 2.75 (95% CI: 2.09-3.62; p < 0.01). The combined corrected pooled odds ratio of mortality or severity was 2.16 (95% CI: 1.74-2.68; p < 0.01). The pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 was 9.8% (95% CI: 8.7%-10.9%) (after adjusting for heterogeneity).
conclusionsDiabetes in patients with COVID-19 is associated with a two-fold increase in mortality as well as severity of COVID-19, as compared to non-diabetics. Further studies on the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications need to be done.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.