ArticleContraception2020
An exploratory analysis on the influence of genetic variants on weight gain among etonogestrel contraceptive implant users.
Article in Contraception, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contraceptive-Induced Weight Gain-Myth and Reality Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The dual impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on metabolic and reproductive health in polycystic ovary syndrome: insights from human and animal trials.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Genetic variation associated with side effects of hormonal contraception exposure: a narrative review.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Review
- An exploratory study on the possible association of serum etonogestrel concentrations with mood concerns and symptoms among contraceptive implant users.Contraception · 2024Article
- Early removal of the etonogestrel contraceptive implant in Spanish women: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Applicability of ancestral genotyping in pharmacogenomic research with hormonal contraception.Clinical and translational science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo identify genetic variants associated with weight gain related to etonogestrel contraceptive implant use. STUDY
designWe conducted a retrospective analysis from a parent pharmacogenomic study of healthy, reproductive-aged women using etonogestrel implants. We reviewed medical records to calculate objective weight changes from implant insertion to study enrollment and asked participants about subjective weight gain (yes/no) during contraceptive implant use. We used genotyping data (99 genetic variants) from the parent study to conduct backward-stepwise generalized linear modeling to identify genetic variants associated with objective weight changes.
resultsAmong 276 ethnically diverse participants, median body-mass index (BMI) was 25.8 kg/m
conclusionGenetic variants in the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) do not have known associations with obesity or metabolic syndrome, but there is physiologic plausibility for a progestin-mediated genetic association between ESR1 and weight gain. Additional genetic research is needed to substantiate our findings and elucidate further advances in individualized counseling on the risk of weight gain with exogenous steroid hormones. IMPLICATIONS: Genetic variation in the estrogen receptor 1 gene may account for variability in weight gain among etonogestrel contraceptive implant users. If these findings can be replicated with other progestin-containing medications, we may be able to better individualize contraceptive counseling.
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Registered trials
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