ArticleEuropean radiology2020
Cortical formation abnormalities on foetal MR imaging: a proposed classification system trialled on 356 cases from Italian and UK centres.
Article in European radiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal MRI features of fetal complete agenesis of the corpus callosum associated with unilateral hemispheric cortical malformation: a retrospective study.Frontiers in radiology · 2026Article
- Fetal malformations of cortical development: review and clinical guidance.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Standardised and structured reporting in fetal magnetic resonance imaging: recommendations from the Fetal Task Force of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology.Pediatric radiology · 2024Review
- Cutting-edge applications of fetal MR neuro-imaging in clinical routine: a pictorial essay.Neuroradiology · 2023Article
- Complete agenesis of corpus callosum and unilateral cortical formation anomalies detected on fetal MR imaging: a phenotype strongly associated with the male fetuses.European radiology · 2023Article
- Fetal Neurology: From Prenatal Counseling to Postnatal Follow-Up.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Brain fetal neuroradiology: a beginner's guide.Translational pediatrics · 2021Review
- Changes in appearance of cortical formation abnormalities in the foetus detected on sequential in utero MR imaging.European radiology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo formulate a classification system for foetal cortical formation abnormalities (CFAs) based on in utero magnetic resonance (iuMR) appearances and trial it in 356 cases.
methodsThis retrospective study included all cases of foetal CFA diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 from seven centres in Italy and UK. All of the studies were reviewed by a panel of paediatric neuroradiologists experienced in iuMR with the aid of an algorithm designed to categorise the abnormalities.
resultsConsensus expert review confirmed 356 foetuses with CFA and the first level of classification distinguished bilateral CFA (229/356-64%) from unilateral CFA (127/356-36%) cases with sub-classification of the bilateral cases into asymmetric (65/356-18%) and symmetric (164/356-46%) involvement. There was a statistically significant excess of foetuses with small head size, e.g. 17% of the cohort had a bi-parietal diameter < 3rd centile. There was a small but statistically significant excess of males in the cohort. Further categorisation was made on fine anatomical structure.
conclusionsIt is often not possible to classify foetal CFA using the principles and nomenclature used in paediatric neuroradiology. We have created a classification system for foetal CFA based on the analysis of 356 cases and believe that this will assist future research designed to correlate ante-natal and post-natal imaging features and understand the clinical sequelae of CFA described in utero. KEY POINTS: • We describe a morphological classification system of foetal brain cortical formation abnormalities that can be used in clinical practice. • This classification system can be used in future research studies to evaluate the long-term imaging and clinical outcomes of foetal brain cortical formation abnormalities in 17- to 38-week gestational age range. • The practical value of the work is in providing a framework and language to look for imaging clues that may differentiate between different CFA in further studies.
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