ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2020
Serum copper-to-zinc-ratio and risk of incident infection in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of copper homeostasis in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Association of serum copper, zinc and copper to zinc ratio in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Association Between the Copper-to-Zinc Ratio and Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Adults: A China Multi-ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Article
- Determination of trace elements and electrolyte levels in kidney tissue of simvastatin-treated septic rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Emerging insights into cuproptosis and copper metabolism: implications for age-related diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
- Selenium, Zinc, and Copper Status of Vegetarians and Vegans in Comparison to Omnivores in the Nutritional Evaluation (NuEva) Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China.Toxics · 2023Article
- Further Evidence on Trace Element Imbalances in Haemodialysis Patients-Paired Analysis of Blood and Serum Samples.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Copper homeostasis and copper-induced cell death in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and therapeutic strategies.Cell death & disease · 2023Review
- Article
- Copper/Zinc Ratio in Childhood and Adolescence: A Review.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Association between serum copper-zinc ratio and respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents.PloS one · 2023Article
- Comparative Analysis of Serum Zinc, Copper and Magnesium Level and Their Relations in Association with Severity and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Patients.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Mineral micronutrient status and spatial distribution among the Ethiopian population.The British journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- High manganese and nickel concentrations in human hair and well water and low calcium concentration in blood serum in a pristine area with sulphide-rich bedrock.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2022Article
- Can iron, zinc, copper and selenium status be a prognostic determinant in COVID-19 patients?Environmental toxicology and pharmacology · 2022Review
- Serum copper-to-zinc ratio and risk of incident pneumonia in caucasian men: a prospective cohort study.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2022Article
- Free Zinc as a Predictive Marker for COVID-19 Mortality Risk.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Inflammatory-Metal Profile as a Hallmark for COVID-19 Severity During Pregnancy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infections are one of the main causes of mortality in elderly due to the decrease of immune response, for which copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are claimed to be crucial. High serum copper-to-zinc-ratio (Cu/Zn-ratio) has been reported with infections, but little is known whether it could also predict the incidence of infections. The study cohort consisted of 1975 men aged 42-60 years and free of severe infectious disease at baseline in 1984-1989 from the prospective population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The main outcome was an incident infection leading to hospitalization. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for statistical analysis. During the average follow-up of 19.2 years, 636 incident first cases of infections were diagnosed. The hazard ratio (HR) of developing an incident infectious disease in the highest compared to the lowest Cu/Zn-ratio quartile after adjustment for age and baseline examination year was 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.69, P-trend across quartiles = 0.005]. The association was slightly attenuated after additional adjustment for potential confounders (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.96-1.53, P-trend = 0.054). Furthermore, higher serum Cu concentration was associated with higher risk of an incident infection. The multivariable-adjusted HR was 1.39 (95% CI = 1.10-1.75, P-trend = 0.005) in the highest versus the lowest serum Cu quartile. Serum Zn concentration was not associated with the risk (multivariable-adjusted extreme-quartile HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.67-1.04, P-trend = 0.218). In conclusion, our data suggest that an increased Cu/Zn-ratio and especially serum Cu concentration are associated with increased risk of incident infections in middle-aged and older men in Eastern Finland.
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