ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2020
Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 710 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
710 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,425 citations in OpenAlex.
- Key factors for promoting protective behaviours in future pandemics: an umbrella review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Pooled it
- Postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: an umbrella review and meta-analyses.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The Association of Social Support and Loneliness with Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of COVID-19 on students' anxiety and its clarification: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 2 million people.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Implementation of an Internet-based psychological intervention for the treatment of mild depression in primary care: a hybrid effectiveness-implementation approach.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Impact of pre-existing subclinical depressive symptoms on the mental health of older adults during the COVID-19-related confinements: assessment of moderating factors including meditation training.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- The Association Between the Impact of COVID-19 and Internalizing Problems Among Children and Adolescents with ADHD: The Moderating Role of Parental Anxiety.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Caregiving responsibilities, living alone, and mental health among older women during a time of collective stress.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Depression prevalence estimates in Spain (1995-2021): a systematic review.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Review
- Resilience across time: Longitudinal measurement invariance of the Brief Resilience Scale in French university students.PloS one · 2026Article
- Psychological outcomes of depression after legally enforced quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Fear of COVID-19 Among Cancer Patients in Turkey.Journal of religion and health · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the monthly proportion of male births and spontaneous fetal death rates in Japan: a descriptive epidemiological study using national vital statistics.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Clinical risk factors of long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression in COVID-19 survivors.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on mental health in Eastern Iran: a comparative study during and after the pandemic.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Structural relationships among physical literacy, mental toughness, athletic mental energy, achievement emotions, and COVID-19-induced negative psychological states in Chinese adolescents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of common mental health symptoms among left-behind emerging adult children amid the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Anthrax, livelihood vulnerability, and food insecurity in selected game management areas in Zambia: A mixed-methods analysis at the human-wildlife-livestock interface.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Changes in mental health diagnosis and healthcare use in seven European countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-21).European journal of public health · 2025Article
650 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has been an unprecedented social and health emergency worldwide. This is the first study in the scientific literature reporting the psychological impact of the Covid-19 outbreak in a sample of the Spanish population. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 3480 people. The presence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated with screening tests from 14 March. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data was collected. Additionally, spiritual well-being, loneliness, social support, discrimination and sense of belonging were assessed. Descriptive analyses were carried out and linear regression models compiled. The 18.7% of the sample revealed depressive, 21.6% anxiety and 15.8% PTSD symptoms. Being in the older age group, having economic stability and the belief that adequate information had been provided about the pandemic were negatively related to depression, anxiety and PTSD. However, female gender, previous diagnoses of mental health problems or neurological disorders, having symptoms associated with the virus, or those with a close relative infected were associated with greater symptomatology in all three variables. Predictive models revealed that the greatest protector for symptomatology was spiritual well-being, while loneliness was the strongest predictor of depression, anxiety and PTSD. The impact on our mental health caused by the pandemic and the measures adopted during the first weeks to deal with it are evident. In addition, it is possible to identify the need of greater psychological support in general and in certain particularly vulnerable groups.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.