ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Predominant risk factors for tick-borne co-infections in hunting dogs from the USA.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum coinfection in wild and domesticated animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- A double-blinded, placebo-controlled field trial of an OspA-based oral reservoir targeted vaccine against Borrelia burgdorferi.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Human and Hunting Dog Interactions in the United States: Exploring Potential Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Diseases and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- A double-blinded, placebo-controlled field trial of an OspA-based oral reservoir targeted vaccine againstbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tick-borne coinfections modulate CD8Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- Seroepidemiology of Rickettsia conorii in dogs in Portugal: a comprehensive 12-year retrospective study (2013-2024).Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens present in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) removed from companion animals in Louisiana, USA.Journal of medical entomology · 2025Article
- Clinical Cases of Tick-Borne Diseases in Dogs During the Autumn-Winter Season in Poland.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Metabarcoding using nanopore sequencing enables identification of diverse and zoonotic vector-borne pathogens from neglected regions: A case study investigating dogs from Bhutan.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Global prevalence ofBMJ open · 2024Article
- Tick-borne pathogensFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Modulation of Macrophage Redox and Apoptotic Processes toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tick exposure and risk of tick-borne pathogens infection in hunters and hunting dogs: a citizen science approach.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Role of NK-Like CD8Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Ehrlichia, Hepatozoon, and Babesia Coinfection Patterns Among Owned Dogs in Central Thailand.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth incidence and geographical range of tick-borne disease has increased across the USA. Similar to people, dogs are hosts for Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi. Dogs also share our homes and beds, making them both a sentinel for the ticks in our backyards but also increasing our exposure to ticks. Measures to better track, prevent, and/or treat tick-borne diseases in companion animals can lead to better control and prevention of human tick-borne disease. This study identifies demographic and co-infection risk factors for canine seropositivity to tick-borne infections in a cohort of hunting dogs across the USA.
resultsHuman patterns of tick-borne disease co-infection in the USA have been predominantly driven by the geographical distribution of the tick vector. Dogs who tested seropositive for Anaplasma spp. were 1.40 times more likely (P = 0.0242) to also test seropositive for Babesia spp. and vice versa (1.60 times more likely, P = 0.0014). Dogs living in the West had 5% lower risk (P = 0.0001) for Ehrlichia spp. seropositivity compared to other regions. Controlling for age and Anaplasma spp. seroprevalence, dogs in all three other regions were 2.30 times more likely (P = 0.0216) to test seropositive for B. burgdorferi than dogs in the West. Dogs seropositive for B. burgdorferi were 1.60 times more likely (P = 0.0473) to be seropositive for Anaplasma spp.
conclusionsTick geographical distributions have a prominent impact on the regional distribution of hunting dog exposure to tick-borne diseases. Education concerning regional tick prevalence and disease risk is important for everyone, but particularly dog owners, regarding ticks in their region and protection from infection and co-infection of tick-borne pathogens as they travel or move with their dogs. Dogs are sentinel species for human exposure to ticks, and as such surveillance of canine tick-borne infections and understanding the probability that these infections might be seen together as co-infections helps predict emerging areas where people are more likely to be exposed as well.
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