SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Hand Sanitizers: A Review on Formulation Aspects, Adverse Effects, and Regulations.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 327 citations in OpenAlex.
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Alcohol-based hand sanitisers as first line of defence against SARS-CoV-2: a review of biology, chemistry and formulations.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Guideline
- Longitudinal analysis of the hand microbiome in response to chlorine-based antiseptic use during a military field exercise.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- A Competent Antiviral, Antimicrobial, Nontoxic Nanostructured Lipid Carrier System for Safe Use as a Hand Sanitizer: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Probiotic-infused activated charcoal/ hydroxyapatite microbeads: a novel strategy to disinfection.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Potent surface antimicrobial activity of hydrolyzable tannins from Aleppo oak galls.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Stability and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Reuterin and Bacteriocins (Microcin J25, Nisin Z, and Pediocin PA-1) in Chitosan- and Carboxymethyl-Cellulose-Based Hydrogels.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Presence and Dermal Exposure to Benzene and Acetaldehyde in Hand Sanitizers Available in Taiwan.Toxics · 2025Article
- Comparison of the efficacy of two hand decontamination methods: Alcoholic septicidine and povidone-iodine solutions.PloS one · 2025Article
- Determination of volatile impurities and ethanol content in ethanol-based hand sanitizers: Compliance and toxicity.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- Impact of high-speed nanodroplets on various pathogenic bacterial cell walls.Journal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Bacteriophage ɸPT1b-Based Hand Sanitizer Gel for Reducing PathogenicIndian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- The lethal effect of soap on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in water.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- A critical evaluation of contents, labeling, and cost of hand sanitizers marketed in India during COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Development of spray-dried powder hand sanitiser with prolonged effectivity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A systematic overview of metal nanoparticles as alternative disinfectants for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Anti-microbial efficacy of a scientifically developed and standardized herbal-alcohol sanitizer.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Determination and Quantification of Acetaldehyde, Acetone, and Methanol in Hand Sanitizers Using Headspace GC/MS: Effect of Storage Time and Temperature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Skin microbiota: pathogenic roles and implications in atopic dermatitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- GC-MS Analysis and Study of the Antimicrobial Activity ofInternational journal of microbiology · 2024Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hand hygiene is of utmost importance as it may be contaminated easily from direct contact with airborne microorganism droplets from coughs and sneezes. Particularly in situations like pandemic outbreak, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus by the practice of proper hand sanitization. It can be achieved with contact isolation and strict infection control tool like maintaining good hand hygiene in hospital settings and in public. The success of the hand sanitization solely depends on the use of effective hand disinfecting agents formulated in various types and forms such as antimicrobial soaps, water-based or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, with the latter being widely used in hospital settings. To date, most of the effective hand sanitizer products are alcohol-based formulations containing 62%-95% of alcohol as it can denature the proteins of microbes and the ability to inactivate viruses. This systematic review correlated with the data available in Pubmed, and it will investigate the range of available hand sanitizers and their effectiveness as well as the formulation aspects, adverse effects, and recommendations to enhance the formulation efficiency and safety. Further, this article highlights the efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer against the coronavirus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.