Trial reportJournal of applied oral science : revista FOB2020
Effect of music at 432 Hz and 440 Hz on dental anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in patients undergoing tooth extraction: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation Of The Effect Of Music Listened By Patients With Moderate Dental Anxiety During The Restoration Of Posterior Occlusal Dental Caries
Comparing Binaural Beats and 432Hz Music for Reduction of Preoperative Anxiety in Root Canal Patients: an RCT Study
Implementation of Musical Intervention as a Non-Pharmacological Strategy for Mitigating Anxiety in Dental Procedures
Integrative Use of Sound Therapy for Mental Health Promotion: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methods used in adult dental extraction patients to improve psychoemotional status: systematic review.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of music therapy on stress and anxiety prior to dental treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of music during endodontic treatment on patients' anxiety: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Pooled it
- Management strategies for adult patients with dental anxiety in the dental clinic: a systematic review.Australian dental journal · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Music and Aromatherapy on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Among Endodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Trial
- The Listening to music tuned to 440 Hz versus 432 Hz to reduce anxiety and stress in emergency nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a double-blind, randomized controlled pilot study.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Trial
- Electroacupuncture and acupuncture in the treatment of anxiety - A double blinded randomized parallel clinical trial.Complementary therapies in clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Managing Preoperative Anxiety in the Context of Odontectomy: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Music in Care (MIC) by Nurses: Initial Validation of a Questionnaire to Characterize Nurses' Attitudes and Feasibility of Implementation on the Use of Music in Patient Care.Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association · 2026Article
- Non-chemical, chemical, and biochemical, endocrine disruptors: biphasic health effects and pathophysiological insights.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Reporting guidelines for music-based interventions checklist: Explanation and elaboration guide.Integrative medicine research · 2025Article
- A software-based observational coding approach for evaluating paediatric dental pain, anxiety, and fear.International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2025Article
- Reporting Guidelines for Music-based Interventions checklist: explanation and elaboration guide.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- A Mendelian Randomization Study of the Association Between Loud Music Exposure Frequency and Anxiety Disorders in European Populations.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- A pilot study using the LASCA technique to analyze stress using heart rate variability.Lasers in medical science · 2024Article
- Review
- The effect of aromatherapy with Lavender-Neroli oil and music in management of pediatric dental anxiety: a randomized control trial.BDJ open · 2024Article
- Pilot Aquaphotomic Study of the Effects of Audible Sound on Water Molecular Structure.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Surf Therapy-Qualitative Analysis: Organization and Structure of Surf Programs and Requirements, Demands and Expectations of Personal Staff.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Reporting Guidelines for Music-Based Interventions Checklist: Explanation and Elaboration Guide: Secondary publication.Global advances in integrative medicine and healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of music at 432 Hz, 440 Hz, and no music on the clinical perception of anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in patients undergoing tooth extraction. Methodology A parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted. Forty-two patients (average age: 23.8±7.8 years, 27 women) with a moderate level of anxiety were distributed in three groups: use of music for 15 minutes at a frequency of 432 Hz (n=15), at 440 Hz (n=15) and a control group without music (n=12). The CORAH Dental Anxiety Scale and salivary cortisol levels, estimated by the solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were measured and compared before and after the music intervention between groups (two-way ANOVA-Tukey p<0.05, RStudio). Results Significantly lower anxiety level values were observed at 432 Hz (8.7±2.67) and 440 Hz (8.4±2.84) compared to the control group (17.2±4.60; p<0.05). The salivary cortisol level at 432 Hz (0.49±0.37 μg/dL) was significantly lower than 440 Hz (1.35±0.69 μg/dL) and the control group (1.59±0.7 μg/dL; p<0.05). Conclusion The use of music significantly decreased clinical anxiety levels, and the frequency of 432 Hz was effective in decreasing salivary cortisol levels before tooth extraction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.