ArticlePloS one2020
The effects of age and sex on cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of Face Perception in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Evidence for Differential Impairment in Emotion Face Perception.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Sex differences in higher-order cognition in schizophrenia and unaffected first-degree relatives: a longitudinal, family study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Schizophrenia Spectrum Biomarkers Consortium: Establishment of a Biorepository for the Discovery of Quantitative Fluid Biomarkers.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29) and Inventory of Problems-Memory (IOP-M) failure rates in patients with severe psychosis with and without criminal convictions.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the association of overweight with cognitive performance in individuals with first-episode psychosis.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Using machine learning to understand social isolation and loneliness in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and the community.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Social cognition among clinical subtypes of schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2024Article
- Clarifying directional dependence among measures of early auditory processing and cognition in schizophrenia: leveraging Gaussian graphical models and Bayesian networks.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Use of the Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery to assess cognitive functioning in individuals with high risk for psychosis, first-episode schizophrenia and chronic schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Review
- Negative Symptoms and Their Associations With Other Clinical Variables and Working Memory Across the Schizophrenia Spectrum and Bipolar Disorder.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2024Article
- Visuospatial ability and attention as risk factors for suicidal ideation in middle-aged and elderly schizophrenia patients: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Insights into Sex and Gender Differences in Brain and Psychopathologies Using Big Data.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Bayesian Network Approach to Social and Nonsocial Cognition in Schizophrenia: Are Some Domains More Fundamental than Others?Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Patterns of Impaired Neurocognitive Performance on the Global Neuropsychological Assessment, and Their Brain Structural Correlates in Recent-onset and Chronic Schizophrenia.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Resting-State EEG Connectivity at High-Frequency Bands and Attentional Performance Dysfunction in Stabilized Schizophrenia Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Metabolic profile in first episode drug naïve patients with psychosis and its relation to cognitive functions and social cognition: a case control study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Neuropsychological profile of executive functions in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a comparative group study in adults.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Formulating treatment of major psychiatric disorders: algorithm targets the dominantly affected brain cell-types.Discover mental health · 2023Review
- Sex Differences in Cognition in Schizophrenia: What We Know and What We Do Not Know.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recently emerging evidence indicates accelerated age-related changes in the structure and function of the brain in schizophrenia, raising a question about its potential consequences on cognitive function. Using a large sample of schizophrenia patients and controls and a battery of tasks across multiple cognitive domains, we examined whether patients show accelerated age-related decline in cognition and whether an age-related effect differ between females and males. We utilized data of 1,415 schizophrenia patients and 1,062 healthy community collected by the second phase of the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS-2). A battery of cognitive tasks included the Letter-Number Span Task, two forms of the Continuous Performance Test, the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition, the Penn Emotion Identification Test and the Penn Facial Memory Test. The effect of age and gender on cognitive performance was examined with a general linear model. We observed age-related changes on most cognitive measures, which was similar between males and females. Compared to controls, patients showed greater deterioration in performance on attention/vigilance and greater slowness of processing social information with increasing age. However, controls showed greater age-related changes in working memory and verbal memory compared to patients. Age-related changes (η2p of 0.001 to .008) were much smaller than between-group differences (η2p of 0.005 to .037). This study found that patients showed continued decline of cognition on some domains but stable impairment or even less decline on other domains with increasing age. These findings indicate that age-related changes in cognition in schizophrenia are subtle and not uniform across multiple cognitive domains.
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Registered trials
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