Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32401302›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020

Human milk composition differs by maternal BMI in the first 9 months postpartum.

Clark R Sims, Melissa E Lipsmeyer, Donald E Turner, Aline Andres

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01131117 (Fetal Programming of Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01131117 completednot on this map

Fetal Programming of Obesity

TypeobservationalSponsorArkansas Children's Hospital Research InstituteRan2010 to 2024Enrolled320ConditionsHealthy, Pregnancy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Adipocytokine profiles in maternal obesity: The impact of lipoinflammation on serum, breastmilk, and infant metabolic development.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Clark R SimsArkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Melissa E LipsmeyerEdward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Louisiana Campus, Monroe, LA, USA.
Donald E TurnerArkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Aline AndresArkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center · USEdward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine · US

Funding

Phenotypic and metabolic characteristics in early childhood leading to obesityR01DK107516 · NIDDK · ARKANSAS CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL RES INST · PI ANDRES, ALINE, BORSHEIM, ELISABET · 2016 to 2020
$1.6M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK107516
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies indicate that maternal weight status modulates human milk composition; however, results are conflicting.

objectivesOur objective was to examine the relation between maternal body composition and human milk macronutrients and bioactive components and also their association with infant daily intakes and body composition.

methodsHuman milk samples were obtained from a longitudinal study (NCT01131117) in normal weight (NW: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, n = 88) and overweight/obese (OW: 25-35 kg/m2, n = 86) women between 0.5 and 9 mo postpartum. Macronutrient content was estimated using mid-infrared spectroscopy. Leptin, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Infant body composition was obtained using quantitative MRI. Linear mixed models were adjusted for postpartum age and infant sex.

resultsHuman milk in OW mothers was higher in fat and protein and lower in carbohydrate content at some time points compared with that in NW mothers. Human milk leptin, insulin, and CRP concentrations were higher in OW mothers compared with NW mothers, with infants of OW mothers exposed to 1.5-2.5 times higher concentrations of leptin and insulin compared with infants of NW mothers. Similar results were observed when concentrations were normalized to infant daily intake and body weight. The effect sizes of infant daily intakes associated with infant growth parameters were small for macronutrients [0.005-0.05 z-score units and 0.02-0.45 fat mass index (FMI) or fat-free mass index units per unit of change in composition, P < 0.05]. Larger effect sizes were seen with human milk insulin and leptin (0.24 z-score units and 0.37-1.15 FMI units per unit of change in composition, P < 0.05).

conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that infants of OW mothers are exposed to higher concentrations of insulin, leptin, and, to a lesser extent, CRP. The bioavailability of these 3 human milk bioactives and their mechanisms of action in the infant are unclear.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01131117.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexPostpartum PeriodBody CompositionBody WeightBreast FeedingFemaleHumansLactationLongitudinal StudiesMilk, HumanC-reactive proteinenergyhuman milkinsulinleptinmacronutrientsobesity

Identifiers

PMID32401302
PMCPMC7458771
OpenAlexW3025252236

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.