ArticleJournal of sex research2021
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Construct Validity of the Internalized Sex Work Stigma Scale among a Cohort of Cisgender Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Article in Journal of sex research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Quality of life, mental health, and socio-demographic differences across sex work settings: implications for specialized healthcare and support services.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Mental health and HIV risk differs by co-occurring structural vulnerabilities among women who sell sex.AIDS care · 2023Article
- External resilience in the context of drug use and socio-structural vulnerabilities: a qualitative exploration among women who use drugs and sell sex in Baltimore, Maryland.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- The Importance of Sexual Orientation in the Association Between Social Cohesion and Client Condom Coercion Among Women Who Exchange Sex in Baltimore, Maryland.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- The Methadone Manifesto: Treatment Experiences and Policy Recommendations From Methadone Patient Activists.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Development of the Experiences of Sex Work Stigma Scale Using Item Response Theory: Implications for Research on the Social Determinants of HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Patterns of Sex Work Client Solicitation Settings and Associations with HIV/STI Risk Among a Cohort of Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- The EMERALD (Enabling Mobilization, Empowerment, Risk Reduction, and Lasting Dignity) Study: Protocol for the Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Community-Based Combination HIV Prevention Intervention for Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland.JMIR research protocols · 2021Article
- Characterizing Health Care Access among Cisgender Female Sex Workers with Substance Use Histories in Baltimore, Maryland.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2021Article
- A fentanyl test strip intervention to reduce overdose risk among female sex workers who use drugs in Baltimore: Results from a pilot study.Addictive behaviors · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Internalized sex work stigma among cisgender female sex workers (FSW) is produced within contexts of social marginalization and associated with a range of ill-effects, including psychological distress, and lower rates of healthcare-seeking. This study seeks to uncover latent domains of the new Internalized Sex Work Stigma Scale (ISWSS) using data from 367 FSW in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The sample was 56% white with high substance use (82% smoked crack cocaine, 58% injected any drug). The average ISWSS score was 34.8 (s.d. = 5.8, possible range: 12-48) and internal consistency was high (0.82). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed four subscales: worthlessness, guilt and shame, stigma acceptance, and sex work illegitimacy. Internal consistency of subscales was high (0.69-0.90); the scale also demonstrated construct validity with depression and agency. In bivariate logistic regressions, higher ISWSS, worthlessness, shame and guilt, and acceptance scores predicted higher odds of rushing client negotiations due to police. In unadjusted multinomial regressions, feeling respected by police predicted lower ISWSS, worthlessness, guilt and shame, acceptance, and illegitimacy scores. Identified factors are congruent with existing literature about how FSW manage sex work-specific stigma. Understanding the unique dimensions and impacts of internalized sex work stigma can inform interventions and policy to reduce morbidities experienced by FSW.
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