ReviewMedical mycology2020
Diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: A review of current methods and novel approaches.
Review in Medical mycology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic tests performance in detecting Pneumocystis jirovecii: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- The role of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in preventing opportunistic infections in systemic lupus erythematosus patients receiving low-level immunosuppressive treatment: an open-label, randomized, controlled trial.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Trial
- Development of a recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection ofExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- The future of fungal diagnostics: What's next in laboratory testing for invasive fungal infection?Medical mycology · 2026Review
- Article
- Evaluation of the ELITe InGenius PCR assay compared with immunofluorescence for Pneumocystis jirovecii detection in respiratory samples.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Predictors and mortality in PCR-positive pneumocystis pneumonia among non-HIV patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The diagnostic and prognostic utility of blood metagenomic next-generation sequencing for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Concurrent pulmonary, hepatic and cerebral pneumocystosis: case report and review of the literature.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Clinical Features, Laboratory and Radiological Findings, and Outcomes ofBalkan medical journal · 2026Article
- A diagnostic model for discrimination between Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and colonization based on multiple parameters.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pneumonia caused by co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome in an HIV-negative immunocompromised patient: a case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Helminth Immune Modulation and Invasive Fungal Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biomarkers in Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Infections: Where Do We Stand?Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical Utility of a Droplet Digital PCR-Based Assay for Quantitative Detection ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Construction of a Diagnostic Model for Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in HIV-Negative Patients Based on Single-Center Patient Data.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- A Rare Case of Concurrent Tropheryma Whipplei and Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in a Patient During Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Advances in pathogen detection ofInfectious medicine · 2025Review
- Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Pneumocystis Pneumonia with or without Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Prognosis Contrary to Initial Clinical Features.Yonsei medical journal · 2025Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii can cause life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Traditional diagnostic testing has relied on staining and direct visualization of the life-forms in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This method has proven insensitive, and invasive procedures may be needed to obtain adequate samples. Molecular methods of detection such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and antibody-antigen assays have been developed in an effort to solve these problems. These techniques are very sensitive and have the potential to detect Pneumocystis life-forms in noninvasive samples such as sputum, oral washes, nasopharyngeal aspirates, and serum. This review evaluates 100 studies that compare use of various diagnostic tests for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patient samples. Novel diagnostic methods have been widely used in the research setting but have faced barriers to clinical implementation including: interpretation of low fungal burdens, standardization of techniques, integration into resource-poor settings, poor understanding of the impact of host factors, geographic variations in the organism, heterogeneity of studies, and limited clinician recognition of PCP. Addressing these barriers will require identification of phenotypes that progress to PCP and diagnostic cut-offs for colonization, generation of life-form specific markers, comparison of commercial PCR assays, investigation of cost-effective point of care options, evaluation of host factors such as HIV status that may impact diagnosis, and identification of markers of genetic diversity that may be useful in diagnostic panels. Performing high-quality studies and educating physicians will be crucial to improve the rates of diagnosis of PCP and ultimately to improve patient outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.