ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Pore-size dependence and slow relaxation of hydrogel friction on smooth surfaces.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hydraulic Pressure-Programmed Molecular Transport in Tough Hydrogels.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Solvent-triggered reconfiguration of optical physical unclonable functions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Toward Skin-like Sensors: Stretchable Conductive Gels for Triboelectric Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mesoscale Modeling of Hydrogels Under Frictional Shear Stress.Macromolecules · 2025Article
- Influence of Calcium Crosslinker Form on Alginate Hydrogel Properties.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Polymer Network Architecture of Single Network and Semi-Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels Modulates Water Retention and Degradation in Soil Conditioning Applications.Chem & bio engineering · 2025Article
- Mechanical interaction between a hydrogel and an embedded cell in biomicrofluidic applications.Biomicrofluidics · 2025Article
- Earthworm inspired lubricant self-pumping hydrogel with sustained lubricity at high loading.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Crosslinking substrate regulates frictional properties of tissue-engineered cartilage and chondrocyte response to loading.Communications materials · 2025Article
- Genetically Engineered Filamentous Bacteriophages Displaying TGF-β1 Promote Angiogenesis in 3D Microenvironments.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Geometry-induced friction at a soft interface.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Harnessing the potential of hydrogels for advanced therapeutic applications: current achievements and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- A Magnetic Millirobot Walks on Slippery Biological Surfaces for Targeted Cargo Delivery.Micromachines · 2023Article
- Single-Entity Electrochemistry in the Agarose Hydrogel: Observation of Enhanced Signal Uniformity and Signal-to-Noise Ratio.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tribology of Pore-Textured Hard Surfaces under Physiological Conditions: Effects of Texture Scales.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2023Article
- Creasing in microscale, soft static friction.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Permeability-Engineered Compartmentalization Enables In Vitro Reconstitution of Sustained Synthetic Biology Systems.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Bioinspired Hydrogels as Platforms for Life-Science Applications: Challenges and Opportunities.Polymers · 2022Review
- Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activity of plaunotol and plaunoi extracts complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2022Article
- Functionalized Hydrogels for Cartilage Repair: The Value of Secretome-Instructive Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Hydrogels consist of a cross-linked polymer matrix imbibed with a solvent such as water at volume fractions that can exceed 90%. They are important in many scientific and engineering applications due to their tunable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and ultralow friction. Their multiphase structure leads to a complex interfacial rheology, yet a detailed, microscopic understanding of hydrogel friction is still emerging. Using a custom-built tribometer, here we identify three distinct regimes of frictional behavior for polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylamide (PAAm), and agarose hydrogel spheres on smooth surfaces. We find that at low velocities, friction is controlled by hydrodynamic flow through the porous hydrogel network and is inversely proportional to the characteristic pore size. At high velocities, a mesoscopic, lubricating liquid film forms between the gel and surface that obeys elastohydrodynamic theory. Between these regimes, the frictional force decreases by an order of magnitude and displays slow relaxation over several minutes. Our results can be interpreted as an interfacial shear thinning of the polymers with an increasing relaxation time due to the confinement of entanglements. This transition can be tuned by varying the solvent salt concentration, solvent viscosity, and sliding geometry at the interface.
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