ArticlePublic health nutrition2020
The effects of skipping a meal on daily energy intake and diet quality.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early, midday, and late time-restricted eating impact on anthropometry and cardiometabolic health: a network meta-analysis of RCTs.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The association between skipping breakfast and cardiovascular disease: a meta analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Mealtime irregularity is associated with higher serum growth differentiation factor-15 levels in older adults: the explanatory role of dietary quality.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Cannabis Use and Diet Quality Among University Students: The Role of Meal Skipping and Health Behaviours.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Dietary habits, dietary diversity, and the influence of work-related stress among male academic professionals in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Breakfast Skipping and Elevated Neck Circumference Are Independently Associated with Newly Diagnosed Dyslipidemia in Adults Without Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The last bite on the plate: association of plate-clearing tendency and sustainable nutrition with weight gain in pregnancy.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of a Functional Food Consumption Index (FunFoCI) in Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Adherence to the combined Mediterranean-dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet is shaped by neighborhood socio-economics and food environments.Health & place · 2026Article
- Intuitive eating, maternal attachment, and weight status in postpartum women: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Dietary behaviours, cooking practices and their associations with body weight status among Malaysians - a nationwide study during COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The role of irregular eating behaviors in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: evidence from a multicenter cross-sectional study in China.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Nutrient Intake Adequacy among Adults in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- The role of lipid profile in the relationship between skipping breakfast and hyperuricemia: a moderated mediation model.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Associations Between Carbohydrate Intake Behaviours and Glycaemia in Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Observational Study.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- The Impact of Breakfast Consumption or Omission on Exercise Performance and Adaptations: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Dietary habits and weight change during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Egyptian population.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Gender and age differences in weekend eating habits: associations with fat mass percentage in a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine whether skipping breakfast or lunch increased the next meal's energy content and changed total daily energy content and the quality of food intake measured by the 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010).
designMeans were compared across intake days and meal patterns. Multivariate individual fixed-effects model was used to account for individual food intake and diet quality preferences.
settingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2016.
participantsAdults aged 18 years or older who reported 2 d (24-h periods) of dietary intake and were not pregnant or lactating (n 23 488).
resultsAdults consumed 193 more kJ at lunch after skipping breakfast and 783 more kJ at dinner after skipping breakfast and lunch. Skipping at least one meal reduced total daily intake between 1053 (breakfast) and 1464 (dinner) kJ and reduced the daily HEI score. Skipping breakfast or skipping lunch reduced the HEI component scores for fruit, whole grains, dairy and empty energy; skipping lunch reduced the component scores for fruit, vegetables, whole grain, dairy, seafood and plant protein, and empty energy. Skipping dinner reduced component scores for vegetables, greens and beans, dairy, protein food, seafood and plant proteins, and empty energy. Skipping one or more meals increased component scores for total vegetables (breakfast), whole grains (dinner), Na (lunch or dinner) and refined grains (breakfast, lunch or dinner).
conclusionsSkipping meals (particularly dinner) reduces daily energy intake, but the reduction in daily diet quality (particularly when skipping breakfast) may impact health negatively over time.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.