ArticleJournal of foot and ankle research2020
The ankle brachial index in people with and without diabetes: intra-tester reliability.
Article in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Electromagnetic Field Therapy and Customized Foot Insole on Peripheral Circulation and Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- AI-Powered Thermography for Diabetic Foot Risk Stratification: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Is Insulin Resistance an Independent Predictor of Atherosclerosis?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Depression and Decreased Activity Level and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and/or Atrial Fibrillation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Undiagnosed and Untreated Peripheral Complications of Diabetes: Findings from a Pilot Study on Diabetes-Related Foot Diseases (DFD) in Patients with Glycemic Disorders.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Connections between Cognitive Impairment and Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- A novel, microvascular evaluation method and device for early diagnosis of peripheral artery disease and chronic limb-threatening ischemia in individuals with diabetes.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2023Article
- Regional skeletal muscle perfusion distribution in diabetic feet may differentiate short-term healed foot ulcers from non-healed ulcers.European radiology · 2023Article
- Early identification and treatment for peripheral arterial disease in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- Clinical Characteristics of Lower-Limb Ischemia in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Usefulness of the Great Toe Blood Flow as a Predictive Indicator of Leg Arterial Obstruction.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe ankle-brachial index (ABI) is widely used for determining the presence and severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and current guidelines suggest it should be used to monitor possible progression in affected individuals. It is therefore important that the technique demonstrates adequate reliability for repeated measurements. Existing studies suggest that the ABI is reliable in the general population however, there is a lack of evidence for the reliability of the ABI in people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the intra-tester reliability of the ABI in people with and without diabetes.
methodsEighty-five participants (40 with and 45 without diabetes) underwent ankle and brachial systolic blood pressure measurements by a single clinician during two testing sessions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), their 95% limits of agreement, standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were determined.
resultsIntra-tester reliability of the ABI was found to be good (ICC: 0.80), however sub-group analysis of participants with and without diabetes found that ABI was slightly less reliable in people with diabetes (ICC: 0.78) than in those without (ICC: 0.82). The relatively large limits of agreement (- 0.16 to 0.16), standard error of measurement (0.03 overall, 0.04 for the diabetes group), and minimal detectable change (0.08 overall, 0.11 for the diabetes group) suggest that a large change in ABI is required for it to demonstrate a true change rather than the result of measurement variability. The minimal detectable change for the ABI was 0.08 overall, and 0.11 for the diabetes group.
conclusionsThe ABI demonstrated good reliability in all groups analysed. However, the wide limits of agreement and considerable standard error of measurement obtained support the use of multiple methods of vascular assessment for ongoing monitoring of lower limb vascular status.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.