ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
A Role of Inflammation and Immunity in Essential Hypertension-Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory Bottlenecks Linking HDL Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: A Petri Net-Based Systems Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Association between hypertension and oxidative balance score: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Key Therapeutic Targets to Treat Hyperglycemia-Induced Atherosclerosis Analyzed Using a Petri Net-Based Model.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Holistic View on the Structure of Immune Response: Petri Net Model.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The process of hypertension induced by high-salt diet: Association with interactions between intestinal mucosal microbiota, and chronic low-grade inflammation, end-organ damage.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Analysis of alterations of serum inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis makers in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and the risk factors.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- The Crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the RAA System in Essential Hypertension-Analyses Using Systems Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Action of Dietary Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil in the Retina of Hypertensive Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Proteins from the DNA Damage Response: Regulation, Dysfunction, and Anticancer Strategies.Cancers · 2021Review
- Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers-Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
- A Stochastic Petri Net-Based Model of the Involvement of Interleukin 18 in Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Association of Periodontal Disease with Hypertension in Nigerian Patients: A Comparative Study.Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical AssociationArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the innate and adaptive immune system, together with low-grade inflammation, may play an important role in essential hypertension. In this work, to verify the importance of selected factors for the development of essential hypertension, we created a Petri net-based model and analyzed it. The analysis was based mainly on t-invariants, knockouts of selected fragments of the net and its simulations. The blockade of the renin-angiotensin (RAA) system revealed that the most significant effect on the emergence of essential hypertension has RAA activation. This blockade affects: (1) the formation of angiotensin II, (2) inflammatory process (by influencing C-reactive protein (CRP)), (3) the initiation of blood coagulation, (4) bradykinin generation via the kallikrein-kinin system, (5) activation of lymphocytes in hypertension, (6) the participation of TNF alpha in the activation of the acute phase response, and (7) activation of NADPH oxidase-a key enzyme of oxidative stress. On the other hand, we found that the blockade of the activation of the RAA system may not eliminate hypertension that can occur due to disturbances associated with the osmotically independent binding of Na in the interstitium. Moreover, we revealed that inflammation alone is not enough to trigger primary hypertension, but it can coexist with it. We believe that our research may contribute to a better understanding of the pathology of hypertension. It can help identify potential subprocesses, which blocking will allow better control of essential hypertension.
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