ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients, A New Scenario for an Old Concern: The Fragile Balance between Infections and Autoimmunity.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Janus kinase (JAK)-inhibitors and coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Cognition, Cytokines, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Beyond in COVID-19: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- PANoptosis in Cytokine Release Syndrome: Bridging the Gap between Inflammation and Cell Death.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis Following COVID-19 and Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection: A Case Report.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- MEFV gene variations in COVID-19 pneumonia patients (Pilot study).Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Deciphering Tuberculous Meningitis: From Clinical Challenges to Novel Models and Pathogenic Pathways.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- The usage of immunosuppressant agents and secondary infections in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Role of epinephrine in attenuating cytokine storm, decreasing ferritin, and inhibiting ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between Decreased CD-8 T-Cells and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit, A Retrospective Study.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2023Article
- Comorbidities and clinical complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an overview.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Thyroid hormones and platelet activation in COVID-19 patients.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Effect of serum autoantibodies on the COVID-19 patient's prognosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Interleukin 6: A biomarker for COVID-19 progression.Materials today. Proceedings · 2023Article
- Serum amyloid A-A potential therapeutic target for hyper-inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Screening and characterization of myositis-related autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Spotlights on the latest opinions on identification, prevention, and management of newer CoV-2 variants: A roundup appraisal on innovative ideas and designer vaccines for Omicron.Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis · 2022Review
- Role of booster with BNT162b2 mRNA in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Immunologic research · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 triggering autoimmune diseases.Cytokine · 2022Review
- Comparative Study of Cytokine Storm Treatment in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Using Immunomodulators.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
On 7 January 2020, researchers isolated and sequenced in China from patients with severe pneumonitis a novel coronavirus, then called SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spread worldwide, becoming a global health emergency. Typical manifestations consist of flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. However, in about 20% of patients, the infection progresses to severe interstitial pneumonia and can induce an uncontrolled host-immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS represents an emergency scenario of a frequent challenge, which is the complex and interwoven link between infections and autoimmunity. Indeed, treatment of CRS involves the use of both antivirals to control the underlying infection and immunosuppressive agents to dampen the aberrant pro-inflammatory response of the host. Several trials, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of immunosuppressants commonly used in rheumatic diseases, are ongoing in patients with COVID-19 and CRS, some of which are achieving promising results. However, such a use should follow a multidisciplinary approach, be accompanied by close monitoring, be tailored to patient's clinical and serological features, and be initiated at the right time to reach the best results. Autoimmune patients receiving immunosuppressants could be prone to SARS-CoV-2 infections; however, suspension of the ongoing therapy is contraindicated to avoid disease flares and a consequent increase in the infection risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.