ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2020
APOE ε4 and the Influence of Sex, Age, Vascular Risk Factors, and Ethnicity on Cognitive Decline.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global ethnic disparities in cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers and vascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of age-related cognitive decline reveals a novel locus for the attention domain and implicates a COVID-19-related gene for global cognitive function.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Pooled it
- Can Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Decline in Apolipoprotein e4 Carriers? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Independent, but not synergistic, associations ofJournal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Association of Long-Term Vascular Risk Factor Variability from Childhood and Midlife Cognitive Function: The Bogalusa Heart Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Alcohol use andAlzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2026Article
- Evaluating sex and gender as separate and interactive predictors of memory aging trajectory classes: an integrative data-driven approach.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Refining Western Dementia-Risk Paradigms: Evidence From a Decade of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Review
- Article
- Proteogenomic signature of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia risk in individuals with major depressive disorder.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Altered brain network dynamics and functional connectivity in subjective cognitive decline: an edge-centric network study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Latent change-on-change between amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Sex and APOE genotype modulate neuropsychological profile and depression in temporal lobe epilepsy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's disease phenotype based upon the carrier status of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Gender Selectively Mediates the Association Between Sex and Memory in Cognitively Normal Older Adults.Innovation in aging · 2024Article
- Ethnic differences in the effects of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 and vascular risk factors on accelerated brain aging.Brain communications · 2024Article
- White matter hyperintensity volume modifies the association between CSF vascular inflammatory biomarkers and regional FDG-PET along the Alzheimer's disease continuum.Neurobiology of aging · 2023Article
- AD and non-AD mediators of the pathway between the APOE genotype and cognition.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- A multi-hit hypothesis for an APOE4-dependent pathophysiological state.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
51 authors at 20 institutions in 14 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We aimed to examine the relationship between Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE*4) carriage on cognitive decline, and whether these associations were moderated by sex, baseline age, ethnicity, and vascular risk factors. Participants were 19,225 individuals aged 54-103 years from 15 longitudinal cohort studies with a mean follow-up duration ranging between 1.2 and 10.7 years. Two-step individual participant data meta-analysis was used to pool results of study-wise analyses predicting memory and general cognitive decline from carriage of one or two APOE*4 alleles, and moderation of these associations by age, sex, vascular risk factors, and ethnicity. Separate pooled estimates were calculated in both men and women who were younger (ie, 62 years) and older (ie, 80 years) at baseline. Results showed that APOE*4 carriage was related to faster general cognitive decline in women, and faster memory decline in men. A stronger dose-dependent effect was observed in older men, with faster general cognitive and memory decline in those carrying two versus one APOE*4 allele. Vascular risk factors were related to an increased effect of APOE*4 on memory decline in younger women, but a weaker effect of APOE*4 on general cognitive decline in older men. The relationship between APOE*4 carriage and memory decline was larger in older-aged Asians than Whites. In sum, APOE*4 is related to cognitive decline in men and women, although these effects are enhanced by age and carriage of two APOE*4 alleles in men, a higher numbers of vascular risk factors during the early stages of late adulthood in women, and Asian ethnicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.