ArticleNano letters2020
Nanoscopic Visualization of Restricted Nonvolume Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Transmission with Genetically Encoded Sensors.
Article in Nano letters, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Targeting Central Cholinergic Dysfunction for Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Pharmacotherapy to Neuromodulation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- A synaptoid connectome differentiates tanycytic subpopulations and underlies neuroglial communication and neuroendocrine regulation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Optical insights into spatial precision and release heterogeneity of neuromodulatory transmission.iScience · 2026Article
- Spatially heterogeneous acetylcholine dynamics in the striatum promote behavioral flexibility.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Coding principles and mechanisms of serotonergic transmission modes.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Genetically encoded sensors illuminateIBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Coding principles of dopaminergic transmission modes.Science advances · 2025Article
- Frontal noradrenergic and cholinergic transients exhibit distinct spatiotemporal dynamics during competitive decision-making.Science advances · 2025Article
- Cholinergic Mechanisms in Gastrointestinal Neoplasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Western diet consumption impairs memory function via dysregulated hippocampus acetylcholine signaling.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Review
- Frontal noradrenergic and cholinergic transients exhibit distinct spatiotemporal dynamics during competitive decision-making.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Acetylcholine waves and dopamine release in the striatum.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Basal forebrain cholinergic signalling: development, connectivity and roles in cognition.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2023Review
- Comparison of fluorescence biosensors and whole-cell patch clamp recording in detecting ACh, NE, and 5-HT.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Toward dynamic, anisotropic, high-resolution, and functional measurement in the brain extracellular space.Neurophotonics · 2022Review
- Pushing the frontiers: tools for monitoring neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2022Review
- Striatal Cholinergic Signaling in Time and Space.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Property-Based Practical Applications and Solutions of Genetically Encoded Acetylcholine and Monoamine Sensors.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
How neuromodulatory transmitters diffuse into the extracellular space remains an unsolved fundamental biological question, despite wide acceptance of the volume transmission model. Here, we report development of a method combining genetically encoded fluorescent sensors with high-resolution imaging and analysis algorithms which permits the first direct visualization of neuromodulatory transmitter diffusion at various neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Our analysis reveals that acetylcholine and monoamines diffuse at individual release sites with a spread length constant of ∼0.75 μm. These transmitters employ varied numbers of release sites, and when spatially close-packed release sites coactivate they can spillover into larger subcellular areas. Our data indicate spatially restricted (i.e., nonvolume) neuromodulatory transmission to be a prominent intercellular communication mode, reshaping current thinking of control and precision of neuromodulation crucial for understanding behaviors and diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.