ArticleJournal of periodontal & implant science2020
Effect of scaling and root planing on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis.
Article in Journal of periodontal & implant science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of Vaping on Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Gingivitis, Periodontitis, and/or Peri-Implant Disease: A Systematic Review.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2025Pooled it
- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) in the Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Chronic health effects associated with electronic cigarette use: A systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of an Okinawa/Nordic based diet on endocrinological and periodontal conditions in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A randomized case-control study.BMC oral health · 2023Trial
- Analgesic Efficacy of Curcuma longa (Curcumin) after Surgical Periodontal Therapy.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2022Trial
- E-cigarettes and periodontal health: current evidence and research gaps.Brazilian oral research · 2026Review
- Oral health risks in adults who use electronic nicotine delivery systems and oral nicotine pouches: a critical review of the literature and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence.Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
- Cytotoxic impact of nicotine products on periodontal ligament cells.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Effects of e-cigarette smoking on periodontal health: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Positive correlational shift between crevicular antimicrobial peptide LL-37, pain and periodontal status following non-surgical periodontal therapy. A pilot study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Immunoaffinity-enriched salivary small extracellular vesicles in periodontitis.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Status in Traditional vs. Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes Smokers: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2022Review
- Peri-implant Sulcular Fluid Galectin-1, Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor and IL-1β Levels under Peri-implant Inflammatory Conditions.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2021Article
- Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the serum and crevicular fluid interleukin-10 levels in chronic periodontitis - A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of health sciencesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis (CP).
methodsElectronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP were included in the study. Full-mouth plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed. The GCF was collected, and its volume and levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 were assessed. These parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after SRP. The sample size was estimated, and comparisons between groups were performed.
resultsThirty-six electronic cigarette users (47.7±5.8 years old) and 35 non-smokers (46.5±3.4 years old) with CP were included. At baseline, there were no differences in plaque index (PI), PD, CAL, MBL, and GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 between electronic cigarette users and non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in PI, gingival index (GI), PD, CAL, and MBL in electronic cigarette users compared to baseline, while there were significant reductions in PI, GI, and PD among non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in both groups (
conclusionsLevels of GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 increased after SRP in electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRP was more profound in non-smokers than in electronic cigarette users.
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