ArticleJournal of breast cancer2020
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Recruited by Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 3 Promote the Progression of Breast Cancer via Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Protein Kinase B-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling.
Article in Journal of breast cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum cytokines predict response and survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving chemoradiotherapy combined with anti-PD-1 antibody: analyses of two phase II clinical trials.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
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- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in multiple myeloma: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Targeted Therapeutic Innovations.MedComm · 2025Review
- Inhibiting CXCR4 reduces immunosuppressive effects of myeloid cells in breast cancer immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Despicable role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer metastasis: ExhibitingCancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Review
- Crosstalk between cancer stem cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells: implications for tumor progression and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Effects of a Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract on Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity and Inflammatory Mediators in the Lungs of Heavy Active and Former Smokers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A machine learning model revealed that exosome small RNAs may participate in the development of breast cancer through the chemokine signaling pathway.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Factors Determining Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated immunosuppression in colorectal cancer and related therapies.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Key players of immunosuppression in epithelial malignancies: Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and γδ T cells.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer and cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- The cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment is an important marker for predicting therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Advances in Polymeric Micelles: Responsive and Targeting Approaches for Cancer Immunotherapy in the Tumor Microenvironment.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Benzophenone-3 exposure alters composition of tumor infiltrating immune cells and increases lung seeding of 4T1 breast cancer cells.Advances in cancer biology - metastasis · 2023Article
- MDSCs in breast cancer: an important enabler of tumor progression and an emerging therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by tumor microenvironmental signals and its implication in cancer therapeutics.Seminars in cancer biology · 2023Review
- The expression profiles of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in tumors caused by Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV-A) in chickens.Genes and immunity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeNumerous studies have shown that the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) may be secreted by tumor cells and attract MDSCs into the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms whereby CCL3 is involved in the interaction of breast cancer cells and MDSCs.
methodsThe expression of CCL3 and its receptors was investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cell counting Kit-8, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to study cell growth, migration, and invasion. Cell cycling, apoptosis, and the frequency of MDSCs were investigated through flow cytometry. Transwell assays were used for co-culture and chemotaxis detection. Markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were determined with western blotting. The role of CCL3
resultsCCL3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cycling, and inhibited apoptosis of breast cancer cells
conclusionCCL3 promoted the growth of breast cancer cells, and MDSCs recruited by CCL3 interacted with these cells and then activated the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, which led to EMT and promoted the migration and invasion of the cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.