ArticleInflammation2020
Electronegative LDL Induces M1 Polarization of Human Macrophages Through a LOX-1-Dependent Pathway.
Article in Inflammation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation: a potentially dangerous scenario to blood-brain barrier.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Managing Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Implications for Cardiovascular and Renal Risk.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- FXR activation reduces the formation of macrophage foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque, possibly by down regulating hepatic lipase in macrophages.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Multifaceted Role of Apolipoprotein C3 in Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Metabolic Disorder in Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- High-fat-diet-induced obesity promotes simultaneous progression of lung cancer and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice.Cancer innovation · 2024Article
- Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Oxidized Lipoproteins In Vivo: Its Diversity and Behavior in the Human Circulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive size-reducible nanoassemblies for deeper atherosclerotic plaque penetration and enhanced macrophage-targeted drug delivery.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: An Update on the Role of Atherogenic Electronegative LDL and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- New Horizons for the Roles and Association of APE1/Ref-1 and ABCA1 in Atherosclerosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Review
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Electronegative Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Clinical Significance of Electronegative Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Atherothrombosis.Biomedicines · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In response to environmental stimuli, monocytes undergo polarization into classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) states. M1 and M2 macrophages exert opposing pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, respectively. Electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (LDL(-)) is a naturally occurring mildly oxidized LDL found in the plasma of patients with hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and acute myocardial infarction, and has been shown to involve in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the effects of LDL(-) on macrophage polarization and the involvement of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) in this process. THP-1 macrophages were treated with native LDL (nLDL) or LDL(-), and then the expression of M1/M2-related surface markers and cytokines were evaluated. The results show that treatment with LDL(-) resulted in profound increase in proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and M1-surface marker CD86; however, M2-related cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, and M2-surface marker CD206 were not changed by LDL(-). Untreated or nLDL-treated cells were used as control. LDL(-)-induced M1 polarization and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines were diminished in LOX-1 knockdown cells. Taken together, the results show that LDL(-) promotes differentiation of human monocytes to M1 macrophages through a LOX-1-dependent pathway, and explore the contribution of LDL(-) and LOX-1 to the development of chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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