ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Genomic analysis of diet composition finds novel loci and associations with health and lifestyle.
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Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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100citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genetic estimation of causalities between educational attainment with common digestive tract diseases and the mediating pathways.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- Assessing causality between inflammatory bowel diseases with frailty index and sarcopenia: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.European journal of medical research · 2024Pooled it
- Causal Effect of Relative Carbohydrate Intake on Hypertension through Psychological Well-Being and Adiposity: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Lifestyle factors, serum parameters, metabolic comorbidities, and the risk of kidney stones: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Causal relationship between obesity, lifestyle factors and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Meal sugar-protein balance determines postprandial FGF21 response in humans.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Polygenic risk score for obesity and the quality, quantity, and timing of workplace food purchases: A secondary analysis from the ChooseWell 365 randomized trial.PLoS medicine · 2020Trial
- Refining Genetic Instruments for Dietary Intake Mendelian Randomization Using Phenome-Wide Association Studies.Genetic epidemiology · 2026Article
- Heritability of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Based Middle-Aged and Older Adults from Four International Twin Cohorts.Behavior genetics · 2026Article
- Unlocking the potential of circadian biology for cardiovascular health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Are There Causal Associations Between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes? A Genetic Correlation and Bi-Directional Mendelian Randomization Study.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2026Article
- A flexible synthetic diet platform for Drosophila nutrigenomics.Genes & nutrition · 2026Article
- A biologically informed framework for instrument selection in dietary Mendelian randomization using chemosensory genetics.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Life's Essential 8, genetic susceptibility, and risk of cognitive impairment: results from an elder population-based cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Healthy dietary patterns, longevity genes, and life expectancy: A prospective cohort study.Science advances · 2026Article
- High-fat diet and portal hypertension: a triangulation approach combining Mendelian randomization with retrospective clinical analysis.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Systematic genetic investigation on relative macronutrient intake, circulating metabolic biomarkers and the risk of autoimmune diseases.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Synergistic Effects of Dietary Protein and Vitamin E Intake on Reducing Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Risk: Insights From NHANES [2017-2023] and Mendelian Randomization Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Systems Network Integration of Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Bioinformatic Analyses Reveals the Mechanism of XuanYunNing Tablets in Meniere's Disease via JAK-STAT Pathway Modulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
46 authors.
S Fleur W MeddensDepartment of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.f.w.meddens@vu.nl.
Ronald de VlamingDepartment of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Peter BowersDepartment of Economics, Harvard University, 1805 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Casper A P BurikDepartment of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Richard Karlsson LinnérDepartment of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-2858
Chanwook LeeDepartment of Economics, Harvard University, 1805 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Aysu OkbayDepartment of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5170-7781
Patrick TurleyAnalytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Richard B. Simches Research building, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN-6818, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Cornelius A RietveldDepartment of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester, Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-1861
Mark Alan FontanaCenter for the Advancement of Value in Musculoskeletal Care, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
Mohsen GhanbariDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-7143
Fumiaki ImamuraMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6841-8396
George McMahonIntegrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK.
Peter J van der MostDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-3518
Trudy VoortmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2830-6813
Kaitlin H WadeIntegrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-6280
Emma L AndersonIntegrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK.
Kim V E BraunDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8738-4139
Pauline M EmmettPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8, 2BN, Bristol, UK.
Tonũ EskoEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
Juan R GonzalezBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, 8003, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3267-2146
Jessica C Kiefte-de JongDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-0918
Claudia LangenbergMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-7344
Jian'an LuanMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-6337
Taulant MukaDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Susan RingIntegrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3103-9330
Fernando RivadeneiraDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-9441
Harold SniederDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1949-2298
Frank J A van RooijDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8600-9852
Bruce H R WolffenbuttelDepartment of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
23andMe Research Team
EPIC- InterAct Consortium
Lifelines Cohort Study
George Davey SmithIntegrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-8314
Oscar H FrancoDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Nita G ForouhiMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-248X
M Arfan IkramDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-8585
Andre G UitterlindenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-3387
Jana V van Vliet-OstaptchoukDepartment of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-3153
Nick J WarehamMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.
David CesariniDepartment of Economics, New York University, 19 W. 4th Street, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
K Paige HardenDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop #A8000, Austin, TX, 78704, USA.
James J LeeDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6547-5128
Daniel J BenjaminBehavioral and Health Genomics Center, Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern, California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-5416
Carson C ChowLaboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. carsonc@niddk.nih.gov.
Philipp D KoellingerDepartment of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.d.koellinger@vu.nl.
Funding
Understanding and Improving Healthcare Decision-Making and Outcomes for People Living with Alzheimer's Disease and Related DementiasP01AG005842 · NIA · NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH · PI KOSALI ILAYPERUMA SIMON · 1986 to 2026
$56.5MNBER Center for Aging and Health Research-Post COVID-19 Experiences Among Adults with ADRDP30AG012810 · NIA · NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH · PI DAVID M CUTLER · 1999 to 2026
$24.6MNBER Training Program in Aging and Health EconomicsT32AG000186 · NIA · NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH · PI CUTLER, DAVID M, FINKELSTEIN, AMY N. · 1989 to 2024
$9.6MGenome-Wide Analyses of Health and Well-Being PhenotypesR01AG042568 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BENJAMIN, DANIEL J · 2015 to 2021
$2.8MAnalysis of genome wide dataZIADK075068 · NIDDK · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · PI CHOW, CARSON · 2012 to 2020
$2.0MGenome-Wide Analyses of Health and Well-Being PhenotypesR56AG042568 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BENJAMIN, DANIEL J · 2018 to 2018
$803kIntramural NIH HHS ZIA DK075068Medical Research Council MC_UU_00006/3Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/5Medical Research Council MR/P014437/1NIA NIH HHS P01 AG005842NIA NIH HHS P30 AG012810NIA NIH HHS R01 AG042568NIA NIH HHS R56 AG042568NIA NIH HHS T32 AG000186
Abstract
We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of relative intake from the macronutrients fat, protein, carbohydrates, and sugar in over 235,000 individuals of European ancestries. We identified 21 unique, approximately independent lead SNPs. Fourteen lead SNPs are uniquely associated with one macronutrient at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10
Indexed as
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Genome-Wide Association StudyBody Mass IndexDietGenomicsHumansLife Style
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