ReviewNutrients2020
Why is Zeaxanthin the Most Concentrated Xanthophyll in the Central Fovea?
Review in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Goji Berry Intake Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Pilot Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- The Supportive Role of Plant-Based Substances in AMD Treatment and Their Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- High-resolution visible light OCT of the human retina with combined superluminescent diodes.Optics letters · 2025Article
- Effect of Exposure to Blue Light from Electronic Devices and the Mediterranean Diet on Macular Pigment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Prevention Surpasses Treatment: 5-year Follow-Up, Cost-Utility, and Cost-Benefit of Zeaxanthin Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- An Overview of Lutein in the Lipid Membrane.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Potential roles of dietary zeaxanthin and lutein in macular health and function.Nutrition reviews · 2023Review
- Xanthophyll pigments dietary supplements administration and retinal health in the context of increasing life expectancy trend.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Compounds for Clinical Applications-A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Assessment of the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Goji Berry (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Is There an Optimal Combination of AREDS2 Antioxidants Zeaxanthin, Vitamin E and Vitamin C on Light-Induced Toxicity of Vitamin A Aldehyde to the Retina?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Their Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Neurodegenerative Disease.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Glycosylation of Zein Hydrolysate as a Nanocarrier for Lutein Delivery: Preparation and Stability.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Light-Modulated Sunscreen Mechanism in the Retina of the Human Eye.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2021Article
- Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Dehydrolutein with Lutein and Zeaxanthin, and their Effects on Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Factors Differentiating the Antioxidant Activity of Macular Xanthophylls in the Human Eye Retina.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the Lipid Bilayer-Similarities and Differences Revealed by Computational Studies.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Regulatory Mechanism of Oxidative Stress.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Diet-based xanthophylls (zeaxanthin and lutein) are conditionally essential polar carotenoids preferentially accreted in high concentrations (1 mM) to the central retina, where they have the capacity to impart unique physiologically significant biophysical biochemical properties implicated in cell function, rescue, and survival. Macular xanthophylls interact with membrane-bound proteins and lipids to absorb/attenuate light energy, modulate oxidative stress and redox balance, and influence signal transduction cascades implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. There is exclusive transport, sequestration, and appreciable bioamplification of macular xanthophylls from the circulating carotenoid pool to the retina and within the retina to regions required for high-resolution sensory processing. The distribution of diet-based macular xanthophylls and the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin varies considerably by retinal eccentricity. Zeaxanthin concentrations are 2.5-fold higher than lutein in the cone-dense central fovea. This is an ~20-fold increase in the molar ratio relative to eccentric retinal regions with biochemically detectable macular xanthophylls. In this review, we discuss how the differences in the specific properties of lutein and zeaxanthin could help explain the preferential accumulation of zeaxanthin in the most vulnerable region of the macula.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.