ArticleESMO open2020
New pathways in immune stimulation: targeting OX40.
Article in ESMO open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Prolonged intratumoral treatment with TLR7/8 agonist R848 regulates the tumor immune microenvironment resulting in enhanced antitumor activity.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Article
- Host-directed immune therapies: a second front in the battle against sepsis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment changes after treatment with avelumab and immune-stimulating agent combinations in patients with advanced solid tumors.Research square · 2026Article
- Rocatinlimab: A Novel T-Cell Rebalancing Therapy Targeting the OX40 Receptor in Atopic Dermatitis.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Review
- Regulatory T cells in homeostasis and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- A phase I study of the OX40 agonist BGB-A445 with or without tislelizumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors: dose-escalation results.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2025Article
- Trends in immunotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Advancing In Vivo Detection of T-Cell Function: Development and Preclinical Evaluation ofJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025Article
- Unlocking new frontiers: novel immune targets for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.Korean journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Review
- Looking Beyond Checkpoint Inhibitor Monotherapy: Uncovering New Frontiers for Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Review
- Revealing the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint proteins across diverse protein families.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tumor necrosis factor superfamily signaling: life and death in cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
- Tumor Microenvironment Drives the Cross-Talk Between Co-Stimulatory and Inhibitory Molecules in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: Implications for Optimizing Immunotherapy Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeting TNF/TNFR superfamilies in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Activation of NOD1 on tumor-associated macrophages augments CD8Science advances · 2024Article
- Association between OX40L polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iranians.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
- Impact of isotype on the mechanism of action of agonist anti-OX40 antibodies in cancer: implications for therapeutic combinations.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- The expression of immune co-stimulators as a prognostic predictor of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and oral squamous cell carcinomas.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) reinvigorate the immune system by removing the molecular brakes responsible for the scarce activity of immune phenotypes against malignant cells. After having proven their remarkable role as monotherapy, combinations of anti-Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, chemotherapy and/or anti-angiogenic compounds provide unprecedented results and durable responses across a variety of tumour types. Nevertheless, the main drawbacks of ICB are represented by primary and acquired resistance, translating into disease progression, as well as by immune-related toxicities. In this sense, novel strategies to foster the immune system through its direct stimulation are being tested in order to provide additional clinical improvements in patients with cancer. In this scenario, the co-stimulatory molecule OX40 (CD134) belongs to the next generation of immune therapeutic targets. Preliminary results of early clinical trials evaluating OX40 stimulation by means of different agents are encouraging. Here we review the rationale of OX40 targeting, highlighting the combination of OX40-directed therapies with different anticancer agents as a potential strategy to foster the immune system against malignant phenotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.