Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020
Urinary Cyanoethyl Mercapturic Acid, a Biomarker of the Smoke Toxicant Acrylonitrile, Clearly Distinguishes Smokers From Nonsmokers.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of very low nicotine cigarettes: Outcomes across social and demographic groups.Preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Effects of unventilated versus ventilated filtered cigarettes on smoking behaviour and biomarkers of smoke exposure in a randomised clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- A watercress drink increases detoxification of common environmental carcinogens such as acrolein and benzene: results of a randomized clinical trial.Carcinogenesis · 2025Article
- Article
- Faster liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for analysis of isomeric urinary mercapturic acid metabolites of crotonaldehyde, methacrolein, and methyl vinyl ketone.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2024Article
- Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure with Lung Cancer Risk in African American and White Cigarette Smokers in the Southern Community Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Reduced nicotine in cigarettes in a marketplace with alternative nicotine systems: randomized clinical trial.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- Assessment of urinary 6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadienyl mercapturic acid as a novel biomarker of benzene exposure.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2023Article
- Validating Wave 1 (2014) Urinary Cotinine and TNE-2 Cut-points for Differentiating Wave 4 (2017) Cigarette Use from Non-use in the United States Using Data from the PATH Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Biomarkers of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Increased Levels of the Acrolein Metabolite 3-Hydroxypropyl Mercapturic Acid in the Urine of e-Cigarette Users.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Biomarkers of Exposure and Potential Harm in Two Weeks of Smoking Abstinence: Changes in Biomarkers of Platelet Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Increased acrolein-DNA adducts in buccal brushings of e-cigarette users.Carcinogenesis · 2022Article
- Optimal Cutoff Concentration of Urinary Cyanoethyl Mercapturic Acid for Differentiating Cigarette Smokers From Nonsmokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Characterization of the association between cigarette smoking intensity and urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid among exclusive cigarette smokers in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2021Article
- Biochemistry of nicotine metabolism and its relevance to lung cancer.The Journal of biological chemistryReview
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCyanoethyl mercapturic acid (CEMA) is a urinary metabolite of acrylonitrile, a toxicant found in substantial quantities in cigarette smoke, but not in non-combusted products such as e-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco and rarely in the diet or in the general human environment. Thus, we hypothesized that CEMA is an excellent biomarker of combusted tobacco product use. AIMS AND
methodsWe tested this hypothesis by analyzing CEMA in the urine of 1259 cigarette smokers (urinary cotinine ≥25 ng/mL) and 1191 nonsmokers. The analyses of CEMA and cotinine were performed by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Logistic regression was fit for log-transformed CEMA to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve.
resultsWe found that a CEMA cutpoint of 27 pmol/mL urine differentiated cigarette smokers from nonsmokers with sensitivity and specificity greater than 99%. The use of different cotinine cutpoints to define smokers (10-30 ng/mL) had little effect on the results.
conclusionsCEMA is a highly reliable urinary biomarker to identify users of combusted tobacco products such as cigarettes as opposed to users of non-combusted products, medicinal nicotine, or nonusers of tobacco products. IMPLICATIONS: CEMA can be used to distinguish users of combusted tobacco products from non-combusted products such as e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and medicinal nicotine. Levels of CEMA in the urine of people who use these non-combusted products are extremely low, in contrast to cotinine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.