ArticleFrontiers in oncology2020
The Intratumoral Heterogeneity Reflects the Intertumoral Subtypes of Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Regional Immunohistochemistry Analysis.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain Cancer: Molecular Alterations and Emerging Trends in Neuropharmacology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Toward functional precision oncology: organotypic brain slices in glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Forecasting Chemoradiation Response Midtreatment for High-Grade Gliomas Through Patient-Specific Biology-Based Modeling.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2025Article
- A novel organoid model retaining the glioma microenvironment for personalized drug screening and therapeutic evaluation.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Cut the fat: targeting cholesterol and lipid metabolism in glioblastoma.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- DHRS13 suppresses differentiation and mitophagy in glioma via retinoic acid and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.Nature communications · 2025Article
- IL-19 as a promising theranostic target to reprogram the glioblastoma immunosuppressive microenvironment.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Immune Cell Interplay in the Fight Against GBM.Cancers · 2025Review
- Article
- Research Progress of NK Cells in Glioblastoma Treatment.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Tumor regression following autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination immunotherapy: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2024Article
- The tumour microenvironment, treatment resistance and recurrence in glioblastoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Biosensor-Enhanced Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Investigating Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Antitumor Effects of Intravenous Natural Killer Cell Infusion in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft Murine Model and Gene Expression Profile Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Subtype Transdifferentiation in Human Cancer: The Power of Tissue Plasticity in Tumor Progression.Cells · 2024Review
- The need for a change in medical research thinking. Eco-systemic research frames are better suited to explore patterned disease behaviors.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Optimizing cancer therapy: a review of the multifaceted effects of metronomic chemotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Molecular diversity in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type glioblastoma.Brain communications · 2024Review
- Advances in Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Approaches for Gliomas: A Comprehensive Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite extensive therapy the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor and the extraordinary therapy resistance has been attributed to intertumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma. Different prognostic relevant GBM tumor subtypes have been identified based on their molecular profile. This approach, however, neglects the heterogeneity within individual tumors, that is, the intratumoral heterogeneity. Here, we detected the regional immunoreactivity by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using nine different markers on resected GBM specimens (IDH wildtype, WHO grade IV). We found repetitive expression profiles, that could be classified into clusters. These clusters could then be assigned to five pathophysiologically relevant groups that reflect the previously described subclasses of GBM, including mesenchymal, classical, and proneural subtype. Our data indicate the presence of tumor differentiations and tumor subclasses that occur within individual tumors, and might therefore contribute to develop adapted, individual-based therapies.
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