ArticleOncotarget2020
The cytotoxicity of gallium maltolate in glioblastoma cells is enhanced by metformin through combined action on mitochondrial complex 1.
Article in Oncotarget, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gallium-Containing Agents for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy: Current Status and Future Prospects.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Regulatory networks of iron sulfur cluster biology in cancer mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.iScience · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Iron Handling and Lipid Peroxidation as Drivers of Ferroptosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Culture Dimensionality Modulates Gallium Maltolate Response in Glioblastoma: Comparative Analyses in 2D and 3D Models.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Gallium disrupts endoplasmic reticulum iron metabolism to induce lipid metabolic reprogramming in glioblastoma cells.iScience · 2025Article
- Gallium Uncouples Iron Metabolism to Enhance Glioblastoma Radiosensitivity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effect of trace element mixtures on the outcome of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective cohort study in Fujian, China.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial Metabolism in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: From Mechanism-Based Perspectives to Therapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- PotentFrontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Host Bioenergetic Parameters Reveal Cytotoxicity of Antituberculosis Drugs Undetected Using Conventional Viability Assays.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial Metabolism in PDAC: From Better Knowledge to New Targeting Strategies.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- A phase 1 trial of iron metabolism-targeting oral gallium maltolate in recurrent and refractory glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
New drugs are needed for glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. We recently reported that gallium maltolate (GaM) retards the growth of glioblastoma in a rat orthotopic brain tumor model by inhibiting mitochondrial function and iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase (RR). However, GaM's mechanism of action at the mitochondrial level is not known. Given the interaction between gallium and iron metabolism, we hypothesized that gallium might target iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing mitochondrial proteins. Using Extracellular Flux Analyzer technology, we confirmed that after a 24-h incubation, GaM 50 μmol/L inhibited glioblastoma cell growth by <10% but inhibited cellular oxygen consumption rate by 44% and abrogated mitochondrial reserve capacity. GaM blocked mitochondrial complex I activity and produced a 2.9-fold increase in cellular ROS. NMR spectroscopy revealed that gallium binds to IscU, the bacterial scaffold protein for Fe-S cluster assembly and stabilizes its folded state. Gallium inhibited the rate of
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.