ArticlePublic health nutrition2021
Snacking in Japanese nursery school children aged 3-6 years: its characteristics and contribution to overall dietary intake.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between family economic status and nutrient intake among preschool children attending nursery schools in Japan.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Managing Early Childhood Caries in Asia-Pacific Region.International dental journal · 2025Review
- A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Studies on Intake of Sugars in Geographically Dispersed Asian Countries: Comparison of Dietary Assessment Methodology.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Changes in Package Sizes of Savoury Snacks through Exploration of Euromonitor and Industry Perspectives.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Limited consumption of 100% fruit juices and sugar sweetened beverages in Japanese toddler and preschool children.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis cross-sectional study evaluated the dietary characteristics of snacks, the contribution of snacks to daily nutrient intake and the association of energy intake (EI) from snacks with the prevalence of nutritional inadequacy in Japanese nursery school children.
designFoods and nutrients consumed in each eating occasion were assessed by 3-d dietary records. The prevalence of inadequate intake of twenty nutrients assessed by the age- and sex-specific reference values in the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes was compared according to tertile categories of EI from snacks.
settingA multi-regional dietary survey based on nursery schools in Japan.
participantsA total of 187 boys and 191 girls aged 3-6 years.
resultsEI from snacks accounted for 19·5 % (sd 6·9) of total daily EI. Confectionaries accounted for the largest part of EI from snacks (35·3 %), followed by milk (19·5 %). Relative to their energy contribution, snacks accounted for a small proportion for all nutrients examined, except for free sugar, calcium, SFA and riboflavin. Although a higher EI from snacks was associated with favourable profiles for intakes of calcium, iron, thiamine and riboflavin, excessive intakes of free sugar and Na were more prevalent among children with a higher EI from snacks.
conclusionsAlthough snacks are effective in meeting the requirement of some nutrients among Japanese nursery school children, snacks are generally not nutrient-dense and have an impact on excessive intake of some nutrients. There is hence room for improvement in food choices at snack time.
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Registered trials
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