ReviewThe Canadian journal of cardiology2020
Role of Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in Hypertension: Metabolic Syndrome Revisited.
Review in The Canadian journal of cardiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 256 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
256 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 376 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of tirzepatide and semaglutide on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2026Pooled it
- Frontiers and emerging trends in research on metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a bibliometric analysis (2005-2024).Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of prediabetes and associated risk factors in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- An updated network meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension in adults: insights from recent studies.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnostic and prognostic value of triglyceride glucose index: a comprehensive evaluation of meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Pooled it
- Investigating genetic links between blood metabolites and preeclampsia.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Triglyceride-glucose index and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk, severity, and prognosis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Pooled it
- Usefulness of metabolic score for insulin resistance to predict restenosis after coronary stent implantation.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular and Cellular Underpinnings of Primary Hypertension: An Integrative Mechanistic Framework.Journal of cellular physiology · 2026Review
- Effects of Liraglutide and Semaglutide on Cardiometabolic Dysregulation and Oxidative Stress in an Experimental Model of Metabolic Syndrome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluative performance of triglyceride-glucose-frailty index versus surrogate insulin resistance indices for advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic multimorbidity, and mortality: the role of estimated glomerular filtration rate.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Phyllanthus emblica as a prebiotic modulator of the gut-endocrine axis in polycystic ovary syndrome: a translational perspective on synbiotic therapeutics.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Baseline versus cumulative cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and stroke risk in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: evidence from the CHARLS study.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Article
- Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Observational
- Association between the cumulative average triglyceride glucose-BMI and hypertension incidence among the middle-aged and older population: a prospective nationwide cohort study in China.Journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Butyrate and Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ethnic and Gender Disparities in Risk Factors for Prediabetes-A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis in Southern Israel.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Nonlinear association between metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and prevalent hypertension: a cross-sectional study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Head-to-head comparison of fasting-insulin-based versus non-insulin-based insulin resistance surrogates for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive adults across the glycemic continuum: a prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
196 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance were proposed more than 30 years ago to be important contributors to elevated blood pressure (BP) associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, also called syndrome X. Support for this concept initially came from clinical and population studies showing correlations among hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and elevated BP in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Short-term studies in experimental animals and in humans provided additional evidence that hyperinsulinemia may evoke increases in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and renal sodium retention that, if sustained, could increase BP. Although insulin infusions may increase SNS activity and modestly raise BP in rodents, chronic insulin administration does not significantly increase BP in lean or obese insulin-resistant rabbits, dogs, horses, or humans. Multiple studies in humans and experimental animals have also shown that severe insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may occur in the absence of elevated BP. These observations question whether insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are major factors linking obesity/metabolic syndrome with hypertension. Other mechanisms, such as physical compression of the kidneys, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, hyperleptinemia, stimulation of the brain melanocortin system, and SNS activation, appear to play a more critical role in initiating hypertension in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. However, the metabolic effects of insulin resistance, including hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, appear to interact synergistically with increased BP to cause vascular and kidney injury that can exacerbate the hypertension and associated injury to the kidneys and cardiovascular system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.