ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2021
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and primary hypertension.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with selected factors among people with psychiatric conditions in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary, Personalized Lifestyle Intervention Program of Diet, Sleep and Physical Activity in the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adolescence.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Protein-enriched intermittent meal replacement combined with moderate-intensity training for weight loss and body composition in overweight women.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Evaluation of Early Diagnostic Methods for Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes in Childhood Obesity.Medeniyet medical journal · 2026Article
- Precision approaches to paediatric hypertension: linking pathophysiology to therapy.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Dapagliflozin attenuates hepatic steatosis and induces a fasting-mimicking metabolic state in C57BL/6 mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Management of Adolescent Obesity by Pediatricians in Western Macedonia, Greece: Updated Knowledge and Daily Clinical Practice in a Geographically Challenging Region.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index of Nigerian youth: A FitnessGram-based assessment.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI: global trends, gender disparities, and SDI-based inequalities (1990-2021).Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Construction and metabolic efficacy evaluation of sleeve gastrectomy and modified Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a mouse model with obesity and MASLD.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Child Opportunity Index and Prevalence of Obesity and Hypertension in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- ZJU index and prevalence of kidney stones in US adults: evidence for a threshold association from NHANES 2007-2018.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- The CCR/WC ratio as a predictor of dyslipidemia and Its mediating effect on hypertension in middle-aged and older adults.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Hair Manganese as a Marker of Cardiometabolic Status Rather than Coronary Artery Disease Severity-An Exploratory Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- From Fetal Growth Restriction to Adolescent Cardiometabolic Risk: The Impact of Catch-Up Growth and Adiposity.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Tackling the epidemic of obesity and hypertension in children and young people.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2026Review
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary hypertension is the dominant form of arterial hypertension in adolescents. Disturbed body composition with, among other things, increased visceral fat deposition, accelerated biological maturation, metabolic abnormalities typical for metabolic syndrome, and increased adrenergic drive constitutes the intermediary phenotype of primary hypertension. Metabolic syndrome is observed in 15-20% of adolescents with primary hypertension. These features are also typical of obesity-related hypertension. Metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome are closely associated with both the severity of hypertension and the risk of target organ damage. However, even though increased body mass index is the main determinant of blood pressure in the general population, not every hypertensive adolescent is obese and not every obese patient suffers from hypertension or metabolic abnormalities typical for metabolic syndrome. Thus, the concepts of metabolically healthy obesity, normal weight metabolically unhealthy, and metabolically unhealthy obese phenotypes have been developed. The risk of hypertension and hypertensive target organ damage increases with exposure to metabolic risk factors which are determined by disturbed body composition and visceral obesity. Due to the fact that both primary hypertension and obesity-related hypertension present similar pathogenesis, the principles of treatment are the same and are focused not only on lowering blood pressure, but also on normalizing body composition and metabolic abnormalities.
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Registered trials
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