ReviewMedicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal2020
Cardiovascular diseases and apical periodontitis: association not always implies causality.
Review in Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does endodontic treatment modify serum inflammatory markers of cardiovascular risk in individuals with asymptomatic apical periodontitis? a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Pooled it
- Apical periodontitis in osteoporotic postmenopausal women: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2024Pooled it
- Potential Association Between Apical Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Clinical Implications.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2026Review
- Atherosclerosis and Chronic Apical Periodontitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The oral microbiome and atherosclerosis: current evidence on association, mechanisms, and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Assessment of Systemic Condition and Smoking Impact Over Incidence of Apical Periodontitis.Cureus · 2024Article
- Are comorbidities associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of persistent apical periodontitis?Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2023Review
- A High-Accuracy Detection System: Based on Transfer Learning for Apical Lesions on Periapical Radiograph.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The impact of apical periodontitis, non-surgical root canal retreatment and periapical surgery on serum inflammatory biomarkers.International endodontic journal · 2022Article
- Association between Endodontic Infection, Its Treatment and Systemic Health: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Chronic apical periodontitis exacerbates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and leads to changes in the diversity of gut microbiota.International endodontic journal · 2022Article
- Periodontitis and Systemic Disorder-An Overview of Relation and Novel Treatment Modalities.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Prevalence and risk factors of Apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth: cross-sectional study in an Adult Moroccan subpopulation.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- Prevalence of endodontic infection in patients with Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2021Article
- Smoking and Radiolucent Periapical Lesions in Root Filled Teeth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Relationship between Apical Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Events: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Root Filled Teeth Extraction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral studies published in the last two decades have found an association between the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) or root canal treatment (RCT) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the demonstration of association does not prove by itself the existence of a cause-effect relationship. Two diseases can appear as statistically related without any of them directly affecting the values of the other, resulting in a non-causal relationship. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the association between AP and CVDs, analysing it according to the Hill's causality criteria. MATERIALS AND
methodsEpidemiological studies carried out on the association between CVDs and AP or RCT published in English until 8 December 2019 were identified. Forty-four articles were selected and its results were analysed.
resultsNumerous cross-sectional epidemiological studies have found significant relationship between CVDs and AP. The odds ratio values range 1.6 - 5.4. However, other studies have not found significant association. Respect to RCT, some studies found correlation, but others found no association or even found that RCT is a protective factor against CVDs.
conclusionsThe results are inconsistent and a causal relationship between CVDS and endodontic disease cannot be stablished. The risk factors common to both diseases can act as confounding factors, biasing the results. To reach definitive conclusions about the type of association (causal or non-causal) between both diseases, longitudinal epidemiological studies must be carried out to establish the temporal relationship and the dose-response gradient.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.