ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2020
Timing of menarche and abnormal hippocampal connectivity in youth at clinical-high risk for psychosis.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise Intervention in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Benefits to Fitness, Symptoms, Hippocampal Volumes, and Functional Connectivity.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Trial
- Early Pubertal Development Is a Risk Factor for Psychotic-Like Experiences in Boys and Girls.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- A Window of Opportunity: Unraveling How Puberty Relates to Psychotic-Like Experiences During Adolescence.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Estrogen and psychosis - a review and future directions.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Review
- Motor precision deficits in clinical high risk for psychosis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- The impact of menarche on hippocampal mechanisms of severity of psychotic-like experiences in the ABCD study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Early emotional caregiving environment and associations with memory performance and hippocampal volume in adolescents with prenatal drug exposure.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- The Critical Roles of Early Development, Stress, and Environment in the Course of Psychosis.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2022Article
- Risk for midlife psychosis in women: critical gaps and opportunities in exploring perimenopause and ovarian hormones as mechanisms of risk.Psychological medicine · 2022Review
- Equity in Mental Health Services for Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Considering Marginalized Identities and Stressors.Evidence-based practice in child and adolescent mental health · 2022Article
- Adverse clinical outcomes in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis related to altered interactions between hippocampal activity and glutamatergic function.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Stratification by Sex and Hormone Level When Contrasting Men and Women in Schizophrenia Trials Will Improve Personalized Treatment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Estrogens in schizophrenia: progress, current challenges and opportunities.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Sensorimotor and Activity Psychosis-Risk (SMAP-R) Scale: An Exploration of Scale Structure With Replication and Validation.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Article
- The Role of Estrogen Receptors and Their Signaling across Psychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The "estrogen hypothesis" suggests that estrogen is a protective factor against psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Although the precise protective mechanisms are still unclear, one potential explanation lies in the role that increased estrogens play in mediating hippocampal plasticity, as this may reduce hippocampal dysconnectivity that is characteristically observed in psychosis. In support of this view, later age at menarche- less available estrogen during critical early adolescent development- is related to earlier onset of psychosis and increased symptom severity. Furthermore, if estrogens have protective effects, then we should see this effect in the psychosis risk period in those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis - i.e., individuals showing attenuated symptoms at imminent risk for transitioning to a psychotic diagnosis. This study examined whether earlier age at menarche would result in more normative hippocampal connectivity in CHR youth; menarche is an easily assessed, developmental marker associated with the availability of estrogens. Resting-state connectivity was examined in sixty female participants (26 CHR and 34 healthy control; age 12-21) using a cross-sectional approach; hippocampal connectivity was found to relate to age at menarche. Later age at menarche in the CHR group related to increased hippocampal dysconnectivity to the occipital cortex (a region with a neurotrophic response to estrogen) compared to the controls. Results suggest that earlier availability of estrogens may have neuroprotective effects on hippocampal plasticity. Findings have relevance for understanding sex differences and etiology, as well as guiding novel treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.