ReviewBiological psychiatry2020
Methods and Challenges for Assessing Heterogeneity.
Review in Biological psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plasma proteomic profile of inflammatory depressive symptoms.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Ensemble clustering: A practical tutorial.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Myelin, white matter, and social deficits in autism spectrum disorder.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Demoralization and Mental Disorders in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cluster Analysis.JMIR aging · 2026Article
- Individual-Level Associations of Cognition and Personality With Adolescent Mental Health Vary Across Brain and Environmental Profiles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brain age prediction in generalized anxiety disorder using a convolutional neural network.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exploring Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Youth Externalizing Psychopathology: A Longitudinal Person-Centered Approach.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Optimizing functional connectivity scanning conditions for predicting autistic traits.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The associations between PTSD symptom clusters, insomnia, and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents with low and high levels of internet addiction: A cross-lagged network analysis.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2026Article
- Psychometric properties of hierarchical psychiatric symptoms on the general population.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Literature Investigating the Deficit Syndrome in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2026Article
- Optimizing functional connectivity scanning conditions for predicting autistic traits.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Review
- Developmental Pathways of Inattention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, and Disruptive Behaviors: A Longitudinal, Person-Centered Approach.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Femoral neck width is associated with unique trajectories of age-related hip structural changes and fracture risk within populations of adult women and men.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025Article
- Human Gene Expression Profile Analysis of Insomnia and Pre-insomnia Disorders: A Cellular Study.Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Prevalence ofHealth science reports · 2025Review
- Review
- Using Extreme Value Statistics to Reconceptualize Psychopathology as Extreme Deviations From a Normative Reference Model.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The widely acknowledged homogeneity assumption limits progress in refining clinical diagnosis, understanding mechanisms, and developing new treatments for mental health disorders. This homogeneity assumption drives both a comorbidity and a heterogeneity problem, where two different approaches tackle the problems. One, a unifying approach, tackles the comorbidity problem by assuming that a single general psychopathology factor underlies multiple disorders. Another, a multifactorial approach, tackles the heterogeneity problem by assuming that disorders comprise multiple subtypes driven by multiple discrete factors. We show how each of these approaches can make useful contributions to mental health-related research and clinical practice. For example, the unifying approach can develop a rapid assessment tool that may be clinically valuable for triaging cases. The multifactorial approach can reveal subtypes that are differentially responsive to treatments and highlight distinct mechanisms leading to similar phenotypes. Because both approaches tackle different problems, both have different limitations. We describe the statistical frameworks that incorporate and adjudicate between both approaches (e.g., the bifactor model, normative modeling, and the functional random forest). Such frameworks can identify whether sets of disorders are more affected by heterogeneity or comorbidity. Therefore, future studies that incorporate such frameworks can provide further insight into the nature of psychopathology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.