ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2020
Long-Term Intake of Dietary Carotenoids Is Positively Associated with Late-Life Subjective Cognitive Function in a Prospective Study in US Women.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Lutein and Cognitive Function in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Apolipoprotein E ε4-dependent associations between carotenoids and cognitive decline: Findings from the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative delay) randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Higher circulating α-carotene was associated with better cognitive function: an evaluation among the MIND trial participants.Journal of nutritional science · 2021Trial
- Dietary Carotenoids and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Health care science · 2026Article
- Associations of Dietary Antioxidant and Phytochemical Indices with Cognitive Function: Mediating Roles of Basal Metabolic Rate and Systemic Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study identifies novel variants in olfactory, vitamin A, vitamin B, and cadherin pathways associated with learning and memory.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Skin and Macular Carotenoids in Relation to Brain Structure and Function in School-Aged Children.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoid in relation to cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Dietary Factors and Cognitive Function: with a Focus on Subjective Cognitive Decline.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Exploration of the Role of Vitamins in Preventing Neurodegenerative Diseases: Comprehensive Review on Preclinical and Clinical Findings.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Dietary Strategies to Mitigate Alzheimer's Disease: Insights into Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and Supplementation with Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Cross-Talk.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Lutein and zeaxanthin reduce neuronal cell damage caused by lipid peroxidation.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- β-Carotene Impacts the Liver MicroRNA Profile in a Sex-Specific Manner in Mouse Offspring of Western Diet-Fed Mothers: Results from Microarray Analysis by Direct Hybridization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Carotenoid Supplementation for Alleviating the Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mid-life adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and late-life subjective cognitive complaints in women.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Association of Whole Grain Consumption and Cognitive Decline: An Investigation From a Community-Based Biracial Cohort of Older Adults.Neurology · 2023Article
- Association Between Bowel Movement Pattern and Cognitive Function: Prospective Cohort Study and a Metagenomic Analysis of the Gut Microbiome.Neurology · 2023Article
- The Effect of Beta-Carotene on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Plasma neurofilament light and brain volumetric outcomes among middle-aged urban adults.Neurobiology of aging · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA protective association of dietary carotenoids with cognitive function has been suggested, but most studies have been relatively small with limited periods of follow-up.
objectivesWe examined prospectively long-term intakes of carotenoids in relation to subjective cognitive function (SCF), a self-reported, validated indicator of cognitive dysfunction.
methodsAmong 49,493 female registered nurses with a mean age of 48 y in 1984, we used multinomial logistic regression to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs relating intakes of carotenoids to self-reported SCF in 2012 and 2014. Mean intakes of carotenoids were calculated from 7 repeated FFQs collected in 1984, 1986, and every 4 y afterwards until 2006. Self-reported SCF was assessed by a 7-item questionnaire on changes in memory and cognition; validity was supported by strong associations with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype and concurrent cognitive function and cognitive decline measured by telephone-based neuropsychological tests. The mean values of scores assessed in 2012 and 2014 were categorized as "good" (0 points, 40.8%), "moderate" (0.5-2.5 points, 46.9%), and "poor" (3-7 points, 12.3%).
resultsHigher intake of total carotenoids was associated with substantially lower odds of moderate or poor cognitive function after controlling for other dietary and nondietary risk factors and total energy intake. Comparing the top with the bottom quintile of total carotenoids, the multivariable ORs were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.93; P-trend < 0.001) for moderate SCF and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.75; P-trend < 0.001) for poor SCF. This lower OR was also seen for carotenoids consumed 28 y before SCF assessment. Similar associations were found for total β-carotene, dietary β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin. The significant associations for β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin persisted after mutual adjustment for each other.
conclusionsOur findings support a long-term beneficial role of carotenoid consumption on cognitive function in women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.