ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Potential Cytoprotective Activity of Ozone Therapy in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Benefits of ozone on mortality in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Complementary therapies in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- CORonavirus-19 mild to moderate pneumonia Management with blood Ozonization in patients with Respiratory failure (CORMOR) multicentric prospective randomized clinical trial.International immunopharmacology · 2021Trial
- A pilot study for treatment of COVID-19 patients in moderate stage using intravenous administration of ozonized saline as an adjuvant treatment-registered clinical trial.International immunopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Safety and efficacy of ozone therapy in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients: A phase 1/11 randomized control trial (SEOT study).International immunopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Effect of ozone therapy on neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte ratios, and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis: a self-controlled randomized study.Medical gas researchTrial
- Trial
- Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and CIPN: State-of-the-Art Evidence and a Microbiota-Ozone Therapeutic Framework.Cancers · 2026Review
- Identification of Bioactive Medium Chain Fatty Acids (CAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advances in Ozone-Based Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2: An Updated Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Medical ozone: mechanisms, biological effects and clinical evidence-a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Ozone as an Immunomodulator-New Therapeutic Possibilities in the Treatment of Immunodeficiencies-A Narrative Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The Effect of Inhaled Ozone Therapy in Two-Hit Rat Model of Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.The protein journal · 2025Article
- The efficiency of ozone therapy in the prevention of heterotopic bone formation in an animal model.Joint diseases and related surgery · 2025Article
- Therapeutic efficacy of ozonated blood in severe COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Cytokine profile and antioxidants status in the moderate and severe COVID-19 patients: a trial of ozone therapy impact as a medicinal supplement.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Ozonated triglyceride protects against septic lethality via preventing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- Molecular Hydrogen: From Molecular Effects to Stem Cells Management and Tissue Regeneration.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Mito-Hormetic Mechanisms of Ozone in the Clearance of SARS-CoV2 and in the COVID-19 Therapy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Metabolomic profiling of threeJournal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the microbial reduction efficacy and perception of use of an ozonized water spray disinfection technology.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(1) Background: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak. Systemic ozone therapy (OT) could be potentially useful in the clinical management of several complications secondary to SARS-CoV-2. The rationale and mechanism of action has already been proven clinically in other viral infections and has been shown in research studies to be highly effective at decreasing organ damage mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the OT studies that illustrate the possible cytoprotective mechanism of action of ozone and its physiological by-products in target organs affected by SARS-CoV-2. (2) Methods: This review encompasses a total of 74 peer-reviewed original articles. It is mainly focused on ozone as a modulator of the NF-κ B/Nrf2 pathways and IL-6/IL-1β expression. (3) Results: In experimental models and the few existent clinical studies, homeostasis of the free radical and antioxidant balance by OT was associated with a modulation of NF-κ B/Nrf2 balance and IL-6 and IL-1β expression. These molecular mechanisms support the cytoprotective effects of OT against tissue damage present in many inflammatory diseases, including viral infections. (4) Conclusions: The potential cytoprotective role of OT in the management of organ damage induced by COVID-19 merits further research. Controlled clinical trials are needed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.