ArticleNucleic acids research2020
Characterization of long G4-rich enhancer-associated genomic regions engaging in a novel loop:loop 'G4 Kissing' interaction.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conservation of Long G4-rich (LG4) genomic enhancer regulations.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Recognition of multimolecular G-quadruplex regulates phase separation of cockayne syndrome B.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Metabolic disease variants rewire gene regulation through disruption of DNA G-quadruplex structures.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Decoding the Avian Missing Gene Mystery: Dot Chromosomes Unmask Extensive Gene Loss and Novel Genetic Instability.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Mutations and Recombination at G4 DNA-Forming Sequences Exacerbated by CPT-Resistant Mutant Topoisomerase 1 Is Dependent on SUMOylation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Modeling Possible G-Quadruplexes and i-Motifs at DNA-DNA Contact Sites: Strategy, Classification, and Examples.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of predicted G-quadruplexes in human and other great apes.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Long G4-rich enhancers target promoters via a G4 DNA-based mechanism.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Benchmarking DNA large language models on quadruplexes.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- The Emerging Roles of Multimolecular G-Quadruplexes in Transcriptional Regulation and Chromatin Organization.Accounts of chemical research · 2024Article
- A Compendium of G-Flipon Biological Functions That Have Experimental Validation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- G-quadruplex forming regions in GCK and TM6SF2 are targets for differential DNA methylation in metabolic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- An i-motif-regulated enhancer, eRNA and adjacent lncRNA affect Lhb expression through distinct mechanisms in a sex-specific context.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- DNA G-Quadruplexes as Targets for Natural Product Drug Discovery.Engineering (Beijing, China) · 2024Article
- Review
- Dynamic alternative DNA structures in biology and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2023Review
- G4-interacting proteins endangering genomic stability at G4 DNA-forming sites.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Article
- Human YRNA 4 (HY4) plasma levels are a prognostic indicator of SARS-CoV-2 infection clinical severity.microPublication biology · 2023Article
- Cleavage-defective Topoisomerase I mutants sharply increase G-quadruplex-associated genomic instability.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mammalian antibody switch regions (∼1500 bp) are composed of a series of closely neighboring G4-capable sequences. Whereas numerous structural and genome-wide analyses of roles for minimal G4s in transcriptional regulation have been reported, Long G4-capable regions (LG4s)-like those at antibody switch regions-remain virtually unexplored. Using a novel computational approach we have identified 301 LG4s in the human genome and find LG4s prone to mutation and significantly associated with chromosomal rearrangements in malignancy. Strikingly, 217 LG4s overlap annotated enhancers, and we find the promoters regulated by these enhancers markedly enriched in G4-capable sequences suggesting G4s facilitate promoter-enhancer interactions. Finally, and much to our surprise, we also find single-stranded loops of minimal G4s within individual LG4 loci are frequently highly complementary to one another with 178 LG4 loci averaging >35 internal loop:loop complements of >8 bp. As such, we hypothesized (then experimentally confirmed) that G4 loops within individual LG4 loci directly basepair with one another (similar to characterized stem-loop kissing interactions) forming a hitherto undescribed, higher-order, G4-based secondary structure we term a 'G4 Kiss or G4K'. In conclusion, LG4s adopt novel, higher-order, composite G4 structures directly contributing to the inherent instability, regulatory capacity, and maintenance of these conspicuous genomic regions.
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