ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2020
Life-Course Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Risk of Dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Neighborhood Disadvantage and Dementia Risk Among Older Patients With Kidney Failure: Differences by Race/Ethnicity and Urbanicity.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Risk Factors Measured Around Age 60 as Predictors of Dementia Around Age 80 in the U.S.AJE advances : research in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Sector-specific Long-term Associations Between Transportation, Industrial, and Residential Combustion Air Pollutant Mixtures (PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Midlife and late-life neighborhood socioeconomic status and cognitive function in later life: Differences by race.Annals of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Living in Historically Redlined Neighborhoods and the Cognitive Function of Black and White Adults.Journal of aging and health · 2026Article
- Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic inequality and the risk of dementia: A 14-year follow-up study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Modeling approaches for estimating the effects of risk factors using longitudinal lifecourse exposure data in dementia research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Key research priorities in methodological approaches for measuring the exposome and studying its role in the development of dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Multilevel and multidimensional features of socioeconomic status and cognitive function in older adulthood: a cross-sectional analysis of the IGNITE study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Blue spaces and incident dementia: Differences by geospatial and historical contexts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Broken Ties: Black Americans' Diminished Return of Socioeconomic Status on Subjective Well-being.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Pathways to Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in Dementia.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2025Review
- Neighborhood disadvantage and the incidence of dementia in US Black women.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- The multiple mediating roles of depression and grandchild care in the relationship between social participation and cognitive function among middle-aged and elderly Chinese: an empirical study based on CHARLS 2020 data.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neighborhood physical activity facilities predict risk of incident mixed and vascular dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- "Rest of the folks are tired and weary": The impact of historical lynchings on biological and cognitive health for older adults racialized as Black.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Evaluating Social Determinants of Health-Based Alternatives to Race-Based Cognitive Normative Models.Neurology · 2024Article
- Gaps in the usage and reporting of multiple imputation for incomplete data: findings from a scoping review of observational studies addressing causal questions.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage Across the Life Course and Premature Mortality.JAMA network open · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We examined associations of individual- and neighborhood-level life-course (LC) socioeconomic status (SES) with incident dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort. Individual- and neighborhood-level SES were assessed at 3 life epochs (childhood, young adulthood, midlife) via questionnaire (2001-2002) and summarized into LC-SES scores. Dementia was ascertained through 2013 using cognitive exams, telephone interviews, and hospital and death certificate codes. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios of dementia by LC-SES scores in race-specific models. The analyses included data from 12,599 participants (25% Black) in the United States, with a mean age of 54 years and median follow-up of 24 years. Each standard-deviation greater individual LC-SES score was associated with a 14% (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 0.92) lower risk of dementia in White and 21% (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.87) lower risk in Black participants. Education was removed from the individual LC-SES score and adjusted for separately to assess economic factors of LC-SES. A standard-deviation greater individual LC-SES score, without education, was associated with a 10% (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97) lower dementia risk in White and 15% (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.96) lower risk in Black participants. Neighborhood LC-SES was not associated with dementia. We found that individual LC-SES is a risk factor for dementia, whereas neighborhood LC-SES was not associated.
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