Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Racial-Ethnic Inequity in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 124 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Telemedicine-Delivered Unified Protocol for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Studying the Presence of CFRD Complications With Thoughtful Recruitment (SPeCTRuM)
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Parental Psychosocial Variables and Glycemic Control in T1D Pediatric Age: A Systematic Review.Current diabetes reports · 2024Pooled it
- Project ECHO Diabetes Trial Improves Outcomes for Medically Underserved People.Diabetes care · 2025Trial
- Associations of Coping Strategies With Glycemic and Psychosocial Outcomes Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Experiencing Diabetes Distress.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2024Trial
- The moderating role of diabetes distress on the effect of a randomized eHealth intervention on glycemic control in Black adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2024Trial
- The Insulin-Only Bionic Pancreas Improves Glycemic Control in Non-Hispanic White and Minority Adults and Children With Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2023Trial
- Conflicting evidence for continuous glucose monitoring in gestational diabetes: current challenges and the imperative for individual participant data meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Migration background and diabetes technology use at diagnosis and follow-up in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a single-centre study.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Development of a Virtual Transition Program for Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Three-Stage User-Centered Design Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- Combined Effects of Metals and PFAS Exposure on Prevalent Diabetes.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Barriers and Enablers to Diabetes Technologies Use Among Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A Scoping Review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Spiritual care for Latinx youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers: qualitative analysis of focus groups.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Co-Designing Peer Support Interventions for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Caregivers: A Novel Integration of Community-Based Participatory Research and Human-Centred Design Thinking.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Article
- Feasibility and signals of efficacy of the Type 1 Diabetes Education and Support (T1DES) intervention to improve diabetes distress and glycemic levels among Black young adults with type 1 diabetes compared to standard diabetes education: study protocol for a randomized pilot trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health Impact on Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Outcomes Early after Diagnosis.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Article
- Sustained HbA1c Improvements Over 36 Months in Youth in the Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control (4T) Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Collaboration Around Technology Using Community Health Workers in Type 1 Diabetes (CATCH-T1D): Protocol and Preliminary Results for a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Building the evidence to address disparities in type 1 diabetes (BEAD-T1D): methods and design of a study examining barriers and promoters to diabetes device use in families with public insurance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association Between Celiac Disease and Uncontrolled Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Type 1 Diabetes Pediatric Patients.Pediatric diabetes · 2026Article
- Navigating Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption: Insights From Hispanic Adults With Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextMinority young adults (YA) currently represent the largest growing population with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and experience very poor outcomes. Modifiable drivers of disparities need to be identified, but are not well-studied.
objectiveTo describe racial-ethnic disparities among YA with T1D and identify drivers of glycemic disparity other than socioeconomic status (SES).
designCross-sectional multicenter collection of patient and chart-reported variables, including SES, social determinants of health, and diabetes-specific factors, with comparison between non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic YA and multilevel modeling to identify variables that account for glycemic disparity apart from SES.
settingSix diabetes centers across the United States.
participantsA total of 300 YA with T1D (18-28 years: 33% non-Hispanic White, 32% non-Hispanic Black, and 34% Hispanic). MAIN OUTCOME: Racial-ethnic disparity in HbA1c levels.
resultsNon-Hispanic Black and Hispanic YA had lower SES, higher HbA1c levels, and much lower diabetes technology use than non-Hispanic White YA (P < 0.001). Non-Hispanic Black YA differed from Hispanic, reporting higher diabetes distress and lower self-management (P < 0.001). After accounting for SES, differences in HbA1c levels disappeared between non-Hispanic White and Hispanic YA, whereas they remained for non-Hispanic Black YA (+ 2.26% [24 mmol/mol], P < 0.001). Diabetes technology use, diabetes distress, and disease self-management accounted for a significant portion of the remaining non-Hispanic Black-White glycemic disparity.
conclusionThis study demonstrated large racial-ethnic inequity in YA with T1D, especially among non-Hispanic Black participants. Our findings reveal key opportunities for clinicians to potentially mitigate glycemic disparity in minority YA by promoting diabetes technology use, connecting with social programs, and tailoring support for disease self-management and diabetes distress to account for social contextual factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.